. . 
GPS: ,   
,   
      
 ,    
.     
 .    
     
       
  .
  
 

 004.5
 32.973.26 018.2
    , 2006
GPS: ,    ,   .
     ,
2006.   352 .
     GPS , 
,  ,      
,     .
      
       GPS/GSM/GPRS,  
       
   ,       .
"GPS"        "Global Positioning System"  
  . GPS   24 
 ,       
    .
"GPS"       
     .
   GPS    
    .  
  .      
   (, , 
,   ..).
       ,  
  (GPS)      
  ,   ,     
.     , 
    ,  ,    
 ,          
   ,    ,  
  ,       . . 
     .
 004.5
 32.973.26 018.2

   
2006
 
   :      
,    ,  ,   ,   
   .        
     ,  ,  
   ,     ,    
 ,   ,    ,    
    ...
,   ,        
,    .  ,    
 ,        
   ,       .  
,  ,   ...
       
 GPS,     6       
.        
,      ,    .  GPS 
          
      .   
     ,    
  .
 1.
GPS    

 1.
  
        
  ,   ,   
      ,      
 .  ,   ,     
        .
     
  .      
     ,  
,  ,  ,   
 ,       
    1030 .     
 ,     
 , GPS .    
  ,       
 ,       
 .
     GPS. 
   :    
     150 ;    
     ,     
 .   Applied Solution    
     , 
    .  GPS  
    :    
      , 
       
    ,    
   ,    
  3 4 GPS     
        
 .
GPS     ( 
   ).    
 24  ,     
1    ,    
 .   GPS     
  ( GPS   ,  
 , ).

   GPS    
      .  
    .    
     (, ,
 ,   ..).

       
  ,   .   
        
 (, , , , 
      ..).   
         
  .       
   .

        , 
  ,      
       .     
    ,     
 .   : 
 ,      
   ,      
   ,     
       . 
         
       .  
   ,    
  .    ,  GPS 
    .    
  GPS        
  .
  
 1991       
 GPS          
 .      
     ,   
 ,     .
 300 .      GPS,   
      ,   
       .    
     
.
      
 10    .    
    .   GPS   
   , :   
    ,    
   ,   
 ,         
 .
        
 ,     .    
           
.      
   .    GPS   
   ,   
  ,    
  ,  ,    
 ,      . 
,     GPS    
  .
 
     
  1978 .     Navstar.     
    40 .  
     ,    . 
 80  .         
GPS      5 6 GPS     
,         90  .,
    24   GPS.   30
.   GPS ,   
,       
.       200 .  
.  2003 .        3,5 ., ,  
  Frost@Sallivan,  2010 .  
    10 . (      
,   .)  50%    
 , 40%   ,   8%  .
  ,   
.         
   Glonass.        
   GPS      
 ,    .  
  Galileo,     
 .
 GPS     100,    
    510 .     
     5 .   GPS   
       
 ,     0,5 .
   
 ,     ,  , 
  .     . 
          
 .     ,
    ,    
 .    ,    
   .      
 .
    20 . ,    
.       ,  
 ,    ,     
    ,    
 ,    .
  GPS   , ,   
 ,    ,    
  . ,   ,  
  ,       . 
,   ,    
     .    
       ,
     .  
GPS           .
 ,        
     300 . .    
        
.   ,         
 ,        
 .
 GPS     
   ,     .   
         
 ,      .  
  .     ,    
   ,   ,   
.   ,     
 GPS .      .
 , GPS     
  ,      
.         .  
 GPS    ,     
     5.
 
 GPS   ,   
  ,   .    
      L 1, L 2.  L 1
  . ,     
,       .  L 2  
  .    
 GPS   ,    ,      
  PRN ,    .  
      
L 2.       L 1, 
    5  10 .
       ,
       , 
   ,    
.     70  1300     
GPS      7 8 GPS     
,        
.   ,     
,     1 ,  ,   
  ,   10 .
     , 
 D GPS.       
:  ,         
. ,    GPS,    
,      
.    ,     
.
   
  2005 .      
,      .    
    L 1  L 2      L 1,   
       .
      2008 .  
       L 5,  
 5   ,  .     
  . GPS     
   ,    
.
,  D GPS ,   
. ,    D GPS  
  ,       
   GPS.         
   ,     .
      GPS    
 ,       
   ,     30 
50 .
       
   ,   
D GPS .   ,     
   ,      
    .  ,   
     ,  19 . 
        1%.   
      .
        
    .  GPS  
      L 1  L 2.   GPS 
   85 ,       
  8 .        ,
  ,   PRN .    50 . D GPS
,     L 1,  
  19 .   GPS   
     ,  
   L 1  L 2.      
         
 GPS .     
   L 2    L 5.   GPS 
     (L 1  L 2, L 2  L 5, L 2  L 
5L).
  GPS
      GPS?
       
      GPS.  
   ,     
 .     
  .    ,  ,   
,     ,      
    ,    
      . (  
      10 .)  ,  
       .
    
   ,    D GPS .
       ,  
   .  2003 .     
 WAAS,        
    GPS. (  
  , , , ,    
.)    WAAS   7    
D GPS .         
     100 .     
      
.
    LAAS,    
 ,     
GPS      9 10 GPS     
    L 5.    
         
 JPALS,      D GPS ,  
   L 1  L 2.        
       
    1 ,       
    .   JPALS  
  2006 .
       GPS 
 .       2012 .
         
     u1074
 .
 2.
C 
,   ,   ,  
 ,   .        
    . :   
    . :      
  .       
, ,     ,  
     . , 
   ,    ,  
    .
   .    
   (,  ,   ) .  
     ()
 X, Y, Z    B, L, H. ,  
  .      
   .   ,  
         .
     ,    
      
 .         
,  ,     .  
     . 
       
     () . 
    B.    
   L.   H  
   .     
   .     
      Z,     
.  X        
  .  Y     .
    .   
  .
      .   
        ,  
     . ,  
,      , , 11 . ,  
,           11
.   ,    .  
       12 . ,    
     ,  
  . , ,       
       ,
          (    
),     ,   .
     .   :
  ,    .  
    .   ,    
     ,      
.      
         
.               
      .   
   ,      
 , ,  ,   .   
         
,       3 . !
    .   
,     ,  
 ,      . 
        . 
    ,      ,
   .       (
 )     
   .    . ,  
  ,       
     , ,  . 
GPS      11 12 GPS     
        
    ,  ,   
   ,   , 
   .     
     ( ) 
        ,    , 
        .
        
.     ,   
     .  ,
 ,      ( 20 . ),
       .   
,       
.          
         
 .
    .       
,    ,   
.         
   (     120200 ) 
 (818 ) .     
     .
  ,   ,   
  .  ,   , 
      
,    ,       
. ,  ,     .
         
.       
      .
  GPS  World Geodetic System
(WGS84)    ,   1984 . 
      
 90    ,   1990 .   
   ,  ,  
    ,    100150 .
Global Positioning System (GPS)     
 .     
     .  
      
  .    GPS Navstar
(Navigation System with Time and Ranging)    
    .
GPS    :  ,   
     .  
       .
       
 ,         
    .   
   ,   .
      24 
,      .   
 ,  ,   .   
     60 .    
   53 .     
   20,2 . .      
     .    
.  ,          
   ,        
GPS      13 14 GPS     
  .   .  
      ,
     .
      (Operational Control
System)        
 ()      
GPS,         ( 
 ),     
,      
.      (Consolidated Space
Operations Center)     ().   
      ,    
  ,     .
           
     .    
  ,     ,  
        
 .       
   .
      
:   ,    
,   .     
       
 1015 ,        
.  ,    
     ,   ,  
 ,     . 
   ,   
     .
  :     
  ,      
 .     
     ,   . 
     ,  
            
 .       
     .
       
       
.
      
       ,   
      
, , ,   
.        
.      
,     ( 
    )      
.
        
      , 
        ,
        ( 
 ,    .),    
   .
GPS      15 16 GPS     
 3.
   

       
         .
      4  1957
,       . 
   70        
  (),    
   ,   .
      
,     .   
          
 ,      
NAVSTAR (GPS), ,  ,      
.    , ,
   .        
      GPS  
 (         
   ).
 ,    ,  
         
     .    
            
:  ,      
 ( 30       2    
)      ,  
 .  ,   
        10  100 .
 ,         
 .
       . 
        
    .
         
  ,      
    ,   
 .
    ,    
18 ,     24   
    .
     .  
       
       .  ,
   ,       
     .     
     .
    
   :   
     ,   
 .         
.         
      ;   
         
.      , 
  .      
 ,    ,   
,     (    
  30 ).   (   
  )   1  5 ; 
   .     100 .
GPS      17 18 GPS     
     
  GPS (Differential GPS).     
        
.         
.       1 5 .  
      ,  
 (  )   
1 .   :      
    .      
        
 .       
      1     
   0,999.
        
 : NAVSTAR  .
NAVSTAR
NAVSTAR (Navigation System with Time and Ranging) ( Global
Positioning System  GPS)  ,     
 .       19 . .  
    : PPS (Precise Positioning Service  
 )  SPS (Standard Positioning Service  
 ). PPS      
    ,   SPS ( 
      )  
        100 . ,
  SPS       747 
   1983 .
 NAVSTAR    , 
   .   
24 ,      (  
 )    20200 .     
  12 .,      
 55..  ,     
NAVSTAR, : 1227,6  ( L1)  1575,42  ( L2).
  L1   /,    
 ,      P ( 
    Y )   PPS.   
 L2     .   
     ,   
 .
     ,  
,   (Kwajalein),   (Ascension
Island)    (Diego Garcia)     (Colorado
Springs),    (  ,  
  ),     ,  
   Falcon      .  
    ,    
 ,       
    .
     , 
     ,  
.
   GPS .    
  GPS  (     
       .  
  SiRF Technology    
 GPS.   2001    GPS  
         
911 (,    ). SiRF Technologies  
,    location enabled,        
,          
 ,   . !   
      www.sirf.com/
ov/index.htm. , ,        ?
       
     (   ),    
   GPS     . 
   :     , 
   .    (,  
  )        
 GPS      .

     192
    27  1967 ,   1979     
    ,   
 4  .     
NAVSTAR,      
(   ).  1982  
   .     
     1996 .    
GPS      19 20 GPS     
,       
.
 ,    19100 , 
     L1 (1200 )  L2 (1600
).      ( 8   ) 
 45..     11 . 15 .   
    50 70 ,  
70  (  99,7%).
     ,  GPS: 
       . 
1995       237   
      
     .    
  ,    
      
        
 .  18  1999     
,        
    <...>  
  ,   ,   
 ,        
.
        
   ,     
.   ,       
    .   
     
 .        Qualcom,  
         . 
 ,    ,  
    .    : ,
     
       . 
 ,       
     ,   CD.  
      (),  
   ,    ...   
 ,    ,     
     1:50000  ,   
,  250 .  <...>   ,
   30   ....   
       
 ,      
 ,       
          
.   , ,  ,  
        
.   ,      
       .
 4.
  GPS
  ,   , ,   
  ,  .    
, ,      .    
    ,  ,  
         
  .      , 
 GPS       ,   
       
.
GPS     Global Positioning System (
 ),      
      ,    
   .    32   (24
, 8 )     6   
 .   ,    
 , ,     
  GPS .     
      .   
   ,     
,         .  
      ,  
      . 
      ,    
   GPS    .
       , 
        
 (, , ).         
     .     
    , ,   
   ,      
GPS      21 22 GPS     
       .   
,          
 .   ,   
       
   .        
    ,      
  ,   ,    
       GPS .
,      
   ,   ,  
 .    ,     
     ,     (
 )  .      5  30
.
      
GPS ,         
       . 
  ,   . 
      
  .     
        
   ,         
     GPS .
 5.
 GPS
     GPS  ,
     ,    
  .      
.
1.     
2.    
3.     
4.     
5.  
 :     .
GPS        
  .  ,     
       
  .      
  .
,   ,      , , 11000
,   ,          
  11000   ,    .
       12000
,      ,    .
   ,      11000  
   12000    ,     ,
.. .
,          
 ,         
.     ,     13000   
  ,      
11000   12000 .
,        .
 GPS    ,
       
.
  ,      ,    
,    ,       
 .           
     ,     .
 :
?     
   .
?     
 .
?   ,  
 .
?       ,
   .
GPS      23 24 GPS     
 :    .
,  ,      
,     , c     
  :   ,     
. GPS ,  ,     
  ,       .
    : 300 000  
.       ,  
    ,  ,    
 ,   ,      .  ,   
      ,  
 .
,       ,  
   .     
   ,     0,06  
     .
GPS      
,     ,   
       .  
0,000000001 !
       
     ,   
  .    GPS    
 :     ,    
            .
 , ,    ,       
  ,        .
         
      
  .     
 ( )  ,    
        .
 ,        
  .   ,
        ,   
  .   ,   ,
       .   
       
,    .
 ,       
  ,   , 
    .
 ,   ,      
          
.
 ,       
,    ,      
     .
 :    .
        ( 
  )   0,01 ,   
    2993 !
       
  .
     .   
   .    100000 ,  
   4 ,     ,  
      .
 ,        
      ,   
    .
   ,        
    ,    
     .
, GPS   ,  ,  
,       , .. 
 .
   . ,      
,  .     ,  
      . ,   
 .  ,       
 .
,        
,       .     
         
   .
GPS      25 26 GPS     
      ,    
,   ,       
,       .     
,     .
    .    
   .
, (    )    
            
    ,      
    .
        ,
  ,     , 
  ,     ,   
  ,    
   .
 ,   ,     
  5, 7  9     ,   .   
 .
       
  ( )  (     
)  ,    . 
        ,  
 ,       .
  ,    
(..       ,  
         )  
   ,   
       .
  4     
   GPS .    
      ,
   ,     
 .   ,        
         
 .
 :
?       
  .
?    ,      
 .
?       ,  
     
 .
?      
    .
?     
  .
 :      
 .
        ,  
,       ,  
,          
  .   ,      
 ,         
  18000 ?
 :     ,     
.    18000    
  .      
  .   ,       
     .  ,  
         
      , 
GPS       
 .
  ,    ,  
    ,   ,    
      .
      
GPS      
 .       12 ,  
 GPS       . 
     ,   .
 ,       
,       ,   
   .
GPS      27 28 GPS     
        
       .
 GPS      
 ,          
        .
   GPS     
,   ,  ,  
      .
 :
?       
   ,   
   .
?  GPS   ,   
       
.
?     
  ,     
  .
 :     .
      ,    
 ,    .   
       
         120  200 .
        
 ,  ,      
 GPS.        
  ,       ,
     .
  ,   ,   
  .
 ,   ,     
    ,    , 
      . ,  ,   
   .
      
 ,     .
 ,      
   GPS,   ,   
  .      
    ,    
  GPS.
 ,   GPS  ,  
  ,    ,      
 .          
.      , 
,     .  , 
      ,
   .
  
        ,     
   .  
       ,      
 .
      . 
    ,   
       
.
       .
 ,  ,   , 
       , 
  .
  ,      ,
     GPS   
.
     
       GPS
    ,
 Geometric Dilution of Precision  GDOP (
  ).
  ,        
    ,   
  ,     
 ,      .
GPS      29 30 GPS     
     
  ,     .    
,   ,         
 ,      
.
   ,    
 ,      .   
 ,          
...
    
 
        
   (   
)      ,  
     .
 ,        
,   .
  ,     
 ,     
          
, ..     .
 GPS
  GPS    
   .        
      .   
,      
       GPS   
  S/A (Selective Availability   ).   
   ,       
       GPS.
     ,    
   GPS.
 :
?      
,     
.
?       
   .
?       ,
,  .
?       
     
 .
 6.
GPS    
    ,  
   GPS    
 .
 GPS Navstar   24  ,   
   .
GPS    ,   
   .  ,    
 ,      .
 
  GPS   1.227  1.575 .  
  ?     
   ,   
, , .  ,   ,  
,  .     
 ,    .
  ,     ,  
    GPS .  
      ,  
  ,       .
,     ,   
 2/3  .    GPS    
    ,   
     .
 
       
  ,   ,   .  
GPS      31 32 GPS     
       ,   
  ,    .
  ,       ( 
)    4  (   
3,       ).  ,   
    .     
       ,
      .  
 ,     .
 
    GPS     
 ? ,   .
      .
        
,    ,     30  .
          
  ,   .     
        ,    
.     .
        
,     GPS . ,     
         
 .
 7.
  GPS?
        ,  
              
,     ,       
.   .
        . ,
, ,        ,   
  , , ,     
        .
   ,      
 ,        
,      ,    
,   .  ,  , , 
     ,    ,
   ,   
,    ,    ...
 .
,   , , ,    
,         .    .
       
,      
  .    
,       
 ,  ,     , 
        
...
     
 ,     ,   
    ,   ,   
  .   ,  
         
  .    ,   
    .      ?  
     (GPS)   
  ,  
  ,   .
GPS     , 
        
( , ,       ,
    ).  24 ,    
        (    
,      ,      
 )        
.  ,      
   ,       ,  
         
 (,      )    15  
     . , ,     .
           
,   ,     
  .
GPS      33 34 GPS     
,   .     
  ,      ,    .  
          
    ,      
   .  ,      
         .   
 , ,     ,
    ,     
      .      
 :      ,   
   .       
  , ,  :   
     . ,    
     .
 , GPS    
  .      
  ,     , ,
        ;  ,  
    ;   ,  
      ,      
,    .
  GPS    .   
      (    
,    ).  ,       
       .
    ,      
  ,     (   ), 
        15 20  (  
   ).    
(waypoint),     ( )   
.       ,  
      ,   
   ( Trackback).    
       , 
         
 ,        
 .
   ,     ,    
 .    ,  ,  
     
. ,  :  ,
  (       
      ),  ,  
   ,     
  ,  ,    .
   GPS 
     .     
  :   GPS ,   
     , ,  
 .     
,       ,   
        .
 GPS    ,  ,
  ,      
  .      
 .       
.       ,  
         
.
       
GPS ,      .
      
Garmin  Magellan.     
Garmin eTrex   GPS    
.   :   (150 .),  ,
      170  450 .  
    GPS II, III, V, StreetPilot, StreetPilot ColorMap
      ,  
,       ,
     (250 500 .)     
 ( 300  1200 ).     
  GPS 12.
  ,    
  .     ,    
     . ,
Garmin GPS 35,     ,    
  COM   USB      
,   USB .    (  
, ,   )   ( 
  ).   125 .,   250 .
     
GPS .  Palm V/Vx   StreetFinder (120 ) 
Magellan GPS Companion (270 ).    
GPS      35 36 GPS     
Handspring Visor.   Pharos   
  iGPS 180 (  68 .)  iGPS CF,  
  CompactFlash I,      .
  ,      
 ,   GPS    (Casio
ProTrek PRT 2GP), GPS   GSM  (Benefon ESC!,
Benefon Track, Garmin Navtalk II).
 ?
   ,    
  ,         
 .
      
     :   
     ,  
  (45 )   (10 15 ) ,      
    15 .    
  .       
 .
       ,    
     .
 200 
  : eTrex, GPS 12  Magellan 300.   
    , eTrex   
. GPS 12    ,      
. Magellan  eTrex     ,  GPS 12    
,       .    
   Magellan (150 ).     
eTrex.            
  .  300 , ,    .
eTrex    . GPS 12  
  .
 300 
   : eTrex Venture, Magellan 315, GPS 12 XL.
       ,     
   (,   ,    
 ).
Venture      
 ,      
(points of interest), ,     Garmin
MapSource, ,  ,       
 .  GPS 12 XL    .
     eTrex Summit   
eTrex,       
.
 400 
     GPS 12, eTrex Legend
 eMap.  GPS 12 (360 )  XL  ,  
      .   
 eMap  eTrex    ,  
    . Legend  8 
, eMap       .
       MapSource.    
      .  eMap
   .     
, ,       
.
 500 
        eTrex Vista
 GPS III+  StreetPilot.
Vista       eTrex:  
 ,    .   
    24 . GPS III+ 
 5   ,    
 MapSource,    .   
GPS III+ ( )     
  ,   ,       
  ,      . StreetPilot  
    ,  
   (    ) 
,     ,     
 .
 500 
GPS V     ( 650) ,   
III+.      
     .
   StreetPilot ColorMap  16 
       . 
GPS      37 38 GPS     
      StreetPilot III.    1200,  
 :      
  ;  ,   ;   
 ,      (,   
).
   
   GPS   
 Garmin     MapSource,
      
   .   
   ,   .  
   . ,   
,        ,
     2 .   
 Garmin   ,  ,  
,         
(Fishing Hot Spots).      50  110 .  
   ,  .
    . ,  ,  
   ,  
.   , ,   
           
    95.     1:1000000   200.
     .   
        , 
     ,      
    ,     GPS 
.     ,     
 (, LaserMap, PocketStreet,  GPS), 
, ,    ,
      (,
Garmap    OziExplorer).

     .    
       ,  
   .     
   , ..     
     .  
   .

     ( 
12),          
 .      
     .   
 GPS     ,     
 .

     
     ,    
 .        
 ,   ,   
  .     ,  
     ,  , ,
  ,    .
?
    ,     
.   ,       
       ,  
  .
 
  GPS    .
    .    
      ,  
  .
 
  GPS     
   .  , ,  
       GPS      
 . ,    GPS,  
   ,    .

 GPS      .
: 2   4  .
GPS      39 40 GPS     
      ,    
    . ,     
   ,    
 .
 
 GPS    , 
 ,          .
        
     ,     
  .  GPS      
  ( ),       ,
   .      
       .
 
    
 ( ),     .
 
 GPS      
   .
 
       
(500  )            
      .  GPS    
     .      
   ,        
     .
  (Track Log)
GPS        (),
   .   ,    
     ,     
  .     ,    
  .

       
   ,    GPS   
. ,        
  .   ,  GPS  
     .   
     ,    
.
 
  ,        
,      (,
  ).     GPS 
   .     
        , ..
        
(, , ).
 / 
 GPS     / 
     .     
,      .    
, ,   ..

     , 
    .    
,       .

 GPS     
.        
 . ,  ,   
   ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival  
,      )  ETE (Estimated Time
Enroute    ,    
).
 
,        
,  . ,    GPS   
,         
.      
: ,   ,   .
GPS      41 42 GPS     
 
 GPS       
   .   
        
.
 GPS
 GPS  ,  
GPS ,    .  
      , 
      .  ,  
 ,  GPS .
  
GPS ,     
 ,       , .
     ,   ..
 
 GPS      
   .        
  GPS  / (  
)    ( ).
   
       
 .      
     ,      
 .

    GPS  ,    
,     .  
    ,    
        .  
         
. ,     
    .
   GPS   
 .   ,     
       .  
    :     ( 
 ),       
   .     
   , ..    ( 
),    ( ),   
 (     ).    
         
       ,   
       .  
    (  ,    
 ,      )
   .
        
.. .    :
   
  ,     
,     ;     
         
   ,   
      (GPS  WAAS) 
 .
 
      
,        
,       .   
   ,       
,  .
GPS      43 44 GPS     
 
           
  ,       .
        
 (     ,  
    ).      
  ,      , ,
        .
       
       .  
    .  
        . ,  
 4000  ,        
   4000 .  ZIN  ZOUT  
.     0.05 
4000 .         
    ,    ,   
  ,  .
     
,         ,   
          
 ,    ( ). . .     
    ,    
 .
 
        
 .      , ,
   ,  ,    
.
   ,    
     .   , 
         
    .     
GPS      45 46 GPS     
  .   ,   
     ,   
   ,         
,      .
 8.
  
      , 
         
. ,   ,     
        .
          
 .
    ,     
, , 50 .      
,         
 .
   ,        
   GPS .  ?    
,     .  ,   
  100 , GPS      ,   
   ,  ,   
 .    ?    
  40  .   ,    
     300    ,  
 .
      
 .  ,     
  ,     .  ,
   30       
,   1000    30   .
     
     GPS.  
       
  . ,   
 , ,      
  .  100      
,        ,  
   .
   ,    
  .   GPS    
   ,        
,     4,       
 ( )   .
        
, ,       .  
8 12      3 6 .  
,     ,    
   . ?   ,   
.
,    :   
        ( 
 ),        .
      
    .    ,  
  ,    
.   :       
 ,     .      
 , ,  ,    
.      .
       
,        
5 10 .       ,   
    .
   ,   
.        
       ,   
    20 ,    50. 
     ,      
 50 100   .
,       
  .   ,  
   ,  
0.5 1.5 .       
   . ,  
       .
GPS      47 48 GPS     
  ?
        
:     .
      .  
, , ,      ( 
   )   ,      
     ( ,    ,  
    ),       
   .
 
     , 
          
   (     ).
      GPS  
Benefon.       
  Benefon ESC!,       
      (     
     ) Benefon Track.
  Garmin      
NavTalk.    ,      
 .
 
        
.      ,   
    .
       .
       .
      Falcom.   
 A2D        
 .
      
    Falcom  
   ,   
       
  Falcom GPS/Alarm.
   Falcom     
  (,  )    
    .
    
,       
    (       
 ),       
,       ,     
 .
    
  GPS , , GSM .   
 ,       
 .     ,  
         
.       GPS 
GSM  ,  ,   
.
  (,    
 ),     , 
, ,        
.        , 
     ( GSM c 
  ).
,       ,
     .  ,    
   , ,    
 .       ,
  .
  ,       
 .
      (
)   GPS/GSM (  ).  
.    .   ,    
   . :      
.
:       
 ,         
   ,    GPS 
GSM , , , , .
GPS      49 50 GPS     
, ,  ,    
 (   )  . , 
   ,   , 
,    (GPS , )    
  .      
  ,      
   ,      
     . :   
        .
 9.
  
GPS (Global Postioning System,    NAVSTAR) 
 ,    
 .      
       GPS  
.      ,  
,   ,   
 GPS    ,    2000 .
       (.. Selective Availa 
bility   ),     
      
 ( ) .   , 
   100  95%       
 5% ,     .
 ,     , ,  
,       ..    
   .  ,  ,  12 
 (..    12  )
    , ,  ,  
     .
     
:        (..
 ),      
 ,        
 .  ,      
 .  ,   
         
  ,     
  ( ).
,      (  
    ),     
    (     
).       , , 
,      
  2D .        
,         
, , ,     ,
    .
,        
           
,      .   
(    SA),    
  GPS      
   5 15 .
  GPS?   ( 
  )
 ,  ,  ,  
    GPS ,   
         
,      GPS.
     ,   
    .     
         
      GPS ,  
      .
       
 ,      
 ,      .
 ,    PalmGPS,    
 ,           
 ( ,     ),
      ,   
 NMEA 0182,  0183  EarthMate (proprietary  
DeLorme     EarthMate).
   , ,  
,   GPS ,   Palma      
 ,    
   .     , 
        
GPS      51 52 GPS     
 ( , ,    
 ,  Garmin, Magellan   ,  
 ). ,  ,     
       .  
 ,         
 ,   ,    Palm GPS
     ( ,   Palm  GPS
  DTE ).  ,    , 
    /,  
   .
   GPS ,  ,  
      Palm,  
  :
?      

?      

?   
    .
      
     GPS Pilot  Atlas, Tracker, Fly.
       Cartographer,  
       ,  
       
   .      ,   
      Palme (     
  ).
GPS Atlas      .
   ,      
   Cartographer.  
   ,       
.          ,
    ,      /
     .  
    , ,  
  ,      
  .
   ,   ,
   ,   
,    ..      
    ,    
, ,  ,     
, etc.    ,      
  Atlas.
   Atlas (,  ,   
 ,       ,   Atlas),
    ,     
GPS      53 54 GPS     
   (    ).  
          
  .
GPS Tracker   Atlasa   
 .         
  .  , ,   
      .  
    ,    
    .
GPS Fly         
       .
      
     ,     
   ,       
         HandMap 
Evolutionary Software.       
  ,        
  . HandMap      
     ,      
.            
      .
   . . ,  
   ,     
  GPS Tracker (    Professinal
  ).       
  ,       
 .  ,     
 ,     
.
  
        ,  
      .    
 TZ GPS        
GPS      55 56 GPS     
  ,   ,  
    ..  ,  
,      ..     
  ,   ,   
       .
   NMEA Monitor    
      ,  
    .     
   .
    

:      Palma  
      
     GPS     
,        
.        , 
            
,     (    
200 Kb).
:     ,    
   :     
        
      .    
    Li Ion  (Palm V, Vx, Sony Clie,
etc.)     . ,  ,  
GPS          
     ,     ,   
        
.         
,  ,  .
 2.
 
 1.
MacCentre Pocket GPS
MacCentre PocketGPS   ,  
  ,      
,   .       
   Pocket PC  GPS    
,     ,    
 ,  ( ), ,  
 ,   ,   ,   
 ,   ,   . 
 MacCentre PocketGPS      0 
       X ,  
   ,     ,   
  GPS . MacCentre PocketGPS  
   ()       
   .     
      .
GPS      57 58  
MacCentre PocketGPS     GPS  
,       ,  
    ,      
 .
MacCentre PocketGPS   
     (waypoints)     
 .
MacCentre PocketGPS      
     ,    
.       .
MacCentre PocketGPS     
       .
        
       .
MacCentre PocketGPS    
    .
MacCentre PocketGPS     
 csv,       MSExcel.
      
    ,   .
   :
?   Pocket PC,   ARM;
?     Pocket PC 2002;
?     Windows Mobile 2003;
?     Windows Mobile 2003 SE.
 
 ...      
  Toyota Camry   SV 30,   
       ,    
      . 
 ,        
         
 ,    . GPS ,  
 ,     ,  
           
 .         
,  ,        
,         
   .
       T Mobile
MDA,  ,   ,   
GSM .      ,  
,   ,     ,    
 ,       .
  ,  PocketGPS Pro   
  .  ,    ,  
    ,  .     
   ,      , 
   ,  GSM .  
    ,    
5  ( ,   ,    ),   
,          
.    .    
,           
  .
  59 60  
 ,  ,  ,  ,  
 ,  !     ,  
  ,          
 .   ,       
,       . , ,  
,        
  ,     
 .            
 .
     ,    ,
       .     
,  PocketGPS Pro    
   ,   ,     
.  ,        
      ,  ( 
 )   .
  ?     , ,   
  ,     
   ,     ,
  ,        .  
,        ,
   ,       
      ,   
    ,       
  ,         
     .   , 
      ,   ,
  ,      .  ,
    ,     
         .
,   ,       ,    
,    ,        
.
  61 62  
  ?  , ,    
  .       
      ,  
     ,   
. , , . ,  ,    
        ,
   , ,         
,     .
     ,  , 
.      GPS , 
    ,   ,  
      .      
    ,    
   . ,   PocketGPS Pro  
 1.1.50           
         
 ,  ,       ,
      .  
    ,     ,    
        
.  ,         
        ,  
 ,     ,    
  .       
 ,      ,   
         
      www.pocketgps.ru. 
feedback   .
,         
 ,      ,     
       .   
 PocketGPS ,       ,
   ,       . ,
      ,  
      ,  
,      .
           
    PocketGPS Pro.    
  ,       , 
         
.       (    
),      .   
      , ,   
.
 2.
PocketGPS Pro Moscow
PocketGPS Pro Moscow   ,  
         
,  ,         
.         
,       
.         
 .        
    .   
       .
PocketGPS Pro Moscow      
     ,    
     ,    
   .
  63 64  
PocketGPS Pro Moscow     , 
          
  ,    .
  PocketGPS Pro Moscow 
  :   .     
      ,   ,
 .
PocketGPS Pro Moscow      
 ,     .
!     
.        
 ,      
.
PocketGPS Pro Moscow     GPS  
,     ,     
 ,     .
         
 .
 PocketGPS Pro Moscow      
       ,  
 20   ( POI).  ,  
PocketGPS Pro Moscow        
.
PocketGPS Pro Moscow     
  .         
     .
  65 66  
PocketGPS Pro Moscow    
    (waypoints)      
.        
      .
PocketGPS Pro Moscow     
   ,     . 
    .
 PocketGPS Pro Moscow    
  ,       
.
PocketGPS Pro Moscow      
,   .
   CD    PocketGPS Pro  
      .
  .     CD  
 .   PocketGPS Pro,     
   CD .
   CD    PocketGPS Pro  
   .
       .  
    (soft reset),    
.     ,   ,    
      
 .         
     .
    ?
      : 	
 Ȼ.      	
     COM ,   
 .      
 .    .   
  ,       .
   ,       
    ,    
     PocketGPS Pro.     ,
     .   .
  ,         
 (,  ).
   PocketGPS Pro Moscow 2.0  CD , 
PocketGPS Pro Moscow 2.0   , 
 ,      
  PocketGPS Pro Moscow 2.0  :
1.  PocketGPS.arm.CAB   ;
2. PocketGPS.arm.CAB   .   
 PocketGPS.arm.CAB ,   .
  ,    :
?    PocketGPS Pro   ,
,       62 MB.
?    PocketGPS Pro   , 
,         
30 MB      10 MB  .
?     
PocketGPS.arm.CAB   ,    
  File Explorer     . 
  67 68  
    ,  
PocketGPS.arm.CAB  .
   PocketGPS Pro Moscow 1.1.97.    ?
    2.0.
   ,  
PocketGPS Pro 1.1.97   .
       GPRS?
       GPRS:
1. ,     ;
2.  PocketGPS Pro;
3.    ;
4.    ( ,    
 );
5.   ...,   ,   
;
6. )   :     ,   
.
)     : roadinfo.vessolink.ru
 : 80
7.   ;
8.     .
 1:
,   , ,  Internet Explorer 
  (..     )
 2:
     (, Pocket 
GPS Pro        )   
  .
         ?
      
          
 (..   ),    PocketGPS Pro   
  GPRS,   :
1.         ( 
     );
2.  PocketGPS Pro 2.0    ;
3.  ,     PocketGPS Pro
2.0   File Explorer   ( !);
4.  PocketGPS Pro 2.0 c ;
5.  PocketGPS Pro,   
 ;
6.    ,  ;
7.   .
   ,   ?
  ,   ,    
       PockeGPS Pro 2.0.
        	
.
    PocketGPS Pro Moscow?
   PocketGPS Pro Moscow   PDF
  Download.
  PocketGPS Pro,    ?
      PocketGPS Pro, 
    ,     ?
   
,     Pocket PC   
 ,  ,    PocketGPS
Pro,       PocketGPS Pro
.
    ,   PocketGPS
Pro    Pocket PC 
        
Pocket PC.     PocketGPS Pro,  Start ?
Settings ? System ? Memory ( ?  ?  ? ). 
   ,   20 MB    
  .
:    PocketGPS Pro  
 20 MB   .
  69 70  
    Pocket PC ,   
   ,      
 ,       ,  
       
 .
   PocketGPS Pro    ?
    
  ,       
PocketGPS Pro.    ,    
,   PocketGPS Pro. ,   
  ( Start ? Settings ? System ? Memory ( ? 	
 ?  ? )).     , 
 20 MB     .  
 PocketGPS Pro    20 MB  
.     Pocket PC , 
   ,      
 ,       ,  
         
 .
     
      ,  ,  GPS
    (  GPS  (   
        ) ).
      ,    
 ,   ,  GPS  ,    
     (  GPS 
).
      ,     
,  ,    ,   
   ,   .
      ,    ,  
  :
?     
 ,      ;
?  GPS ,   , 
   ,   ;
?        
   .
    ,   
      PocketGPS Pro.
 GPS  (  GPS   
  )
 GPS    ,   
 GPS .
  GPS       GPS
    ,   

  COM       COM		
    .     
COM ,    GPS .    
 COM1,       .
       
  
  PocketGPS Pro.  Start ? Settings ?
System ? Backlight ( ?  ?  ? ).   
   ,     
 .
 Start ? Settings ? System ? Power ( ?  ?
 ? ).       
,         
 .
   ,  , ,  
,     .     .
        
   
  ,  ,    , 
,   ()    , 
        . 
    .       
 .
  ,     
.
 ,      ,  
  GPS .  ,
,      ,   ,  
  71 72  
   ,     .   
   ,     .
     ,    ?
  
 ,   GPS  ( 
)         (  
,     ).
       

         
 .         
 .      .
        

       .
      . 
       ,   
  PocketGPS Pro   .  
  (PocketGPS Pro settings).    .lss
      /My Documents/PocketGPS Pro set 
tings.lss.       ,    .
    PocketGPS Pro   ?
  .     
 ,    PocketGPS Pro  Start ?
Programs ( ? ).
       
  PocketGPS Pro
     ,
      
   (: Pocket LOOX).   ,   
    ,  ,   
  PocketGPS Pro    .
     PocketGPS Pro   Start ?
Programs ( ? )  :  
 PocketGPS Pro     
     ,    iPAQ 38xx/
39xx     ,     
     .   
    ,     Storage
Card,  ,      , Storage Card2.
 Start ? Programs ? File Explorer ( ?  ?
).   File Explorer ()  My device ?
Storage Card ? PocketGPS Pro (  ? Storage Card ? Pocket	
GPS Pro).   PocketGPS Pro.
    

  ,     	
.         
.
       ?
 
     PocketGPS Pro 
 .      
    .
     

     ,
   ( ).     
, ,        
,    .
     , PocketGPS Pro
     
   ,        
.        
(      500 ).
  I Mate PDA2k, QTEK 9090 (Windows Mobile 2003 SE), 
  PocketGPS Pro  2.2.x   
(Phone)    ( ),   
  .     
  .   2.0.x  Phone  
  .
 PocketGPS Pro Moscow 2.2.x    
       (Game API
mode).           
 .
  73 74  
  Windows Mobile  Windows API, 
     GDI
     
       .
   PocketGPS Pro 2.2.x,   
  Game API,       
       .  
   Windows API   
, ..         
  .
 3.

        
?     ,  
   ?      
   ,     ?
        ,
 .     ,   ,    
.            
  ?
   .  ,  ,  
         .    
  ,   ,    .
   .     
  ,    .   
          .
          
.     !       ,
,  , ,   ,  
  . , ,   .
,       . 
 ,   ,  
        
 .     
  (  Palm  ).
 ѻ        
       .   
 ѻ  .
 ,         
,    .    
    ,    ,   
 .        
    . ,  
   .     
   .
 , ѻ     
   .   ,   
 .   ѻ     
  ,  ,  
.     (,  , 
 , )    ,     
   .
     .   
,       
,   GPS ,    
   .     
  ѻ.
     
 GPS .     
  ,   ,     
  ,     
 (  )  .
 ,  ,    GPS  
    .   
      ,  .   ,   
.
        
 GPS .     
30      . , 
,    ,        
    .
ѻ   ,   .   
  ѻ, ,    
   .     
  75 76  
     10 15,   
.         
      .
  ,      
 ,      .  ѻ 
 ,       .       
.
 ѻ    ,  
  .
          
        
.
       
:     ѻ      
   .
       200 
,        1000.
 4.
   GPS? 
 
    CD ROM   ,   
       GPS .  
  4.4 .
   (1:20 000) :
?     ;
? ;
?  ;
? , ,  , , ,  
, , , , ;
? , , ;
?   .
    (1:200 000) :
?       ;
? , ;
?  ;
? , , .
      2.3  2.4:
?     ();
?       .
  77 78  
      2.2  2.3:
?     , ,  
, , , , ;
?      
GPS ;
?       
 ;
?        
   ;
?    ;
?      
 (     
    ,    
   Cities).
  GPS III+  GPS 12MAP:
?        
    (. 2.2  III+),  
    ,  1,4 .
        
     .
       
 (   2.2).
   
? GPS III Plus
? GPS V
? GPSMAP 176
? GPSMAP 176C
? GPSMAP 195
? GPSMAP 295
? GPSMAP 60C
? GPSMAP 60CS
? GPSMAP 76
? GPSMAP 76C
? GPSMAP 76CS
? GPSMAP 76S
? NavTalk II GSM
? Quest
? StreetPilot
? StreetPilot ColorMap
? eMap Deluxe
? eTrex Legend
? eTrex Legend C
? eTrex Vista
? eTrex Vista C
? iQue 3600
  79 80  
 5.
 Psion
   GPS  Psion
   GPS  Psion   :
1.    eTrex   ( 
    Expansys);
2.    eTrex  9 pin,
Psion  9       (  Go32, PalmTec 
  e shop);
3.   ,      gender chang 
er   .
   GPS    NMEA output,   
 Link to desktop   off,    GPS  NMEA
device. ,       :
,       (  
),   ,   .    
        .      
  .   ,     GPS  Psion. 
 ,       ,       
   (),     ,   ,  
 .
 ,      . 
GARMIN       
       500   .
  eTrex Vista.      eTrex
Summit     .   
       ,  
    ,     
 .     24   ,  
        
MapSource CD ROM  GARMIN.
        ,   
   ,   .   
      .
  81 82  
      
    .      
  (   ).
       
.      .    
      .
GARMIN
 GARMIN  .  
     ,      
   ,    
.       ,  
           
 (   ).
     
      
   .        
 , ,   ,    
  .
RoutePlanner  StreetPlanner
RoutePlanner  StreetPlanner   .
    ,  ..   
 .        
    .    
      
.    ,    
  ,    ,   GPS 
         , 
   .     
     1 .     ,
   ,     Palmtop,  
  ,       
   .    , 
 ,       .
 ,   Psion    
,    ,    
   Psion  GPS,    .   
   GARMIN       
    .        
. ,  GARMIN,     
    ,  ,    
,    .  Palmtop     
,          
  83 84  
.     Palmtop     ,  
  .  GARMIN     
    :    ,
   ,        
...
  Palmtop
  Palmtop   
  .  ,       
   .   Palmtop     
  ,   . ,  
      (     ),
  ,       ,
..  ,    Metroguide  GARMIN.  .  
   .      
 :       
      
  Psion+GPS+Palmtop Soft,    
 ,       
, , ,    . , ...
Palmtop         
   ,        ,
       ,  
        
 ,       Psion.
 .  ,      
  Palmtop    Robin Good.
 
     ,   
 :    ,    
 (   ,   ,     
 ,      ..),   
      . 
   Palmtop     
 , ..     , ,     
  ,        
 ,  PalmGIS   
      . 
    ,    (
EPOC 32)    .
 3.
  
 1.
  GPS
       
  ,      . 
GPS        
.     MapSource (World Map)  Garmin  
        ,   
    !    GPS ,  
      .    , 
   .
Oziexplore ,     ,  
     ,   
 ,       .
    :
? GPS     . 
     . 
,      
,      .
   3  Garmin E Map,  
,  ,   ,
    .
? .    . 
, ,    ,
 ,   486SX 33MHz, RAM 16Mb. 
    , 
   . 
      
Pentium 166 200 MHz    10 11.
    Panasonic.    
 ;    , 
;     ;    
  85 86   
 ;   .      
  ,      
.      12 15   
    .    
,    ,   
 ,    ,    
   ( 0,1   25 )   
.
     ,   :  
       
  12 >220.
?  GPS COM Port.   
  .    
      
 (    
  GPS).    10 ..  1 
     .
    , .. 
   ,     ,
         
 (    GPS,   ).
OZIEXPLORER
        
. Oziexplorer     , 
   , ..  !   VISA Card
 Master Card   .
     .     
    ,     .
       
   1 :2 ,        
    .     
        
 (  ),      
    ,      .

     ,   
 ,   ,    
100%  4  4 .
    ,    
   .        
         , 
     ,      
  ,     ,   ,
    ,   
   Adobe Photoshop (    
 ( 600 )       
 ,    (512   ), 
     10 ,     
          
.   ,  ,   
  .    , 
  100%      
      40%,      
 .        
: , , , .   , 
    256  ( RGB),   
 TIFF.

 Oziexplorer,  File ? Load and Calibrate Map
Image,   .  Map Datum  Pulkovo 1. Map
Projections   Transverse Mercator,     
  Central Meredian     ..=( 
 (/6)+1)*6 3, Scale Factor  1, False Easting  500 000,  
 .
   .     
 ,        .  :
   .       
 (,   ..)   .
     (,   ..)    
, ,  CD ROM    (   
).
 Point 1,          
,       (WGS84 
Pulkovo).        .  .
 ,   ,   
    .  , ,
  4 .   Oziexplorer  Map ? Grid Line
Setup ? Other Grid   Grid On,   Line Interval 
   87 88   
4 , .      ,  
   .    (Waypoint)   
 ,  Oziexplorer. Oziexplorer   9  
,        .   
          .  
 File ? Check Calibration Map,  Point 1,  
        
,   Wp     	
.     8       .  
,   Check Calibration Map.   ,  
  .   ,  
    .
 2.
   
  
       
      .
        
  ,  ,     
 ,      ..  
       
        
  .
  
     
  .   90   
 Sony, Pioneer  Bosch     
 GPS,      
.       : 
?,     ?  ..  
       
 CD/DVD .    AVIC 505
 Pioneer.
     
 ,    ,      
 .        
  ,  .   ,     
,         
 .     
 6%,      12%.     
.      15%  
  ,        
 .
  ,    
, .       ,
,    ,    ,  
       
 .    ,   
 (BMW, DaimlerChrysler, Fiat, Ford, General Motors (GM)  
)     AMIC (Automotive
Multimedia Interface Consortium).   
       
  ,      
,  , ,    ..
   AMIC   IDB C
(Intelligent transportation systems Data Bus  CAN)  MOST (Media Orien 
ted Systems Transport).        
IEEE 1394    .  
    CAN,    , 
       . MOST   
 ,     
  25 /,     .   
 MOST  IEEE 1394    
  30/25    ().    
      
 ,   ,   
     2005 .
        
. Alcatel    Reno, Ericsson   Volvo,
 Motorola     .   
  BMW, Ford, GM, Audi  Opel.
      BMW ,
   7      CPT
8000.         GSM 
CDMA.      Motorola Timeport  
       .
     ,  
      .
   89 90   
 Citroen     
,     ,   
,   GSM 900/1800   GPS.  
Windows    Xsara Windows CE   250   
   . Xsara  ,
CD ,  (Ericsson T28),   ,   
  .     GPS  
  CD   6 .
 Autoliv   Ericsson  Volvo  
 Volvo On Call,     
     .   
      GPS ,  
     .     
  ,    
Volvo On Call Alarm Center        
    .   
  ,   
  .
 Nexperia CIP (Car Infotainment Platform), 
Philips.     
          
.      
     , ,    
   ,  ,  
      .  
 Nexperia   ,  
 .
      
Ericsson  Mannesmann.     
    .  
  WAP  Bluetooth.   
,       
 .        
 , ,    . 
  ,    ,  
  .
   GM   ,  
  .    Cadillac DeVille 
Seville.     GM   WEB   32 
 54 .      GM  
  OnStar,      
.         
   OnStar     
( GPS),     ,
   ,   
   ..       
.          
    .   
         .
     .
       
,  ,     , 
    ( , 
).   2000 .      
    OnStar.   
       
Buick, Cadillac, Pontiac.      
   ,    OnStar  .
   Ford,  Visteon,  
    ICES (Information, Communication,
Entertainment, Safety and Security System).    
   ,     , 5.8
    ,   
 ,    ,  
  .  ,     
 (GPS),    ( )  
  ,     ,
 ,    ,  
 .
  Ford  Qualcomm,  
  CDMA,   Wingcast,    
    .     
     .
 ,      
.. Hands Free,         
  .   
      ,   
  ,     .
         
  Motorola, Nokia, Philips,     
  THB, Wester.
   91 92   
    .      
 , ,       
.  ,     
   .      
   ,    
 .   ,  
 Cellport Systems ,      
 ,   ,  ,   
     .
   ,     
 ,    .   
 ,     
        (  
,   ..),    . 
    ,   .  
,       
    .     
   ,     
.
       
  ().      
        
       .  
     (
,  ,   ..),     
         
         
.
       
   .     
 :   ,  
     .   
    , , .  
       .
        
   
      
        
  .
        
      Globalstar  Inmarsat.  
,      ,    
   .    
 .     ,   ,   
     ,    , 
    .  Globalstar  Inmarsat 
  ,   / .  ,  
 Globalstar    ,   
   GPS.
  Inmarsat      
    .   
    ,   
,    ,  
         
 . ,   Rynart Transport,
      
,         ,  
    Inmarsat C.    
    ,    
    30%.
 ,     
 ,    .   
   RRC.     
        
.        Inmarsat /
   GSM,    GPS.   
     GPS,   
 Inmarsat /  GSM   . 
       
Inmarsat     .
         
 .     .  
,        ,
     .   
       .
    ,   .
   
 ;     
 ;    ;   
            
     .
   93 94   
     
       
  GPS.     
 ,    GPS    
 .      ,
  ,    
 .  ,     
    GPS  ,  1030 ,    
    100150 .
      
Alcatel  Webraska Mobile Technologies.    
    .   
      ,    
,  ,   .   
  150 .
     ,    
  .  
 GPS     
         . 
   GPS. ,    
      .
     
 Benefon.   Esc!  GSM  + 
GPS .      ,
     .   
 GPS     ,   
 .  Esc!      4 ,
    900 .
      ,
   .       
       www.77.ru/. 
    ,   
 .       
          
,         
 ,  .
  ,    ,  
   .     
       
  .     
  ,     ,  
    .   
.  ,     
          
 .        
 , ,  ,     SMS
.     GPS .
  SMS       
.      
  ,      .
       ?
    ?      :
,         
 ,       ,  
   .
       
   .       
  ,      ,    
 .     
     .  8%  
   ,        Web  
,        25 .  ,  
  GM OnStar    40 .,  
Wingcast   10  30 .  .  ,  
CNW Marketing ,    ,   
    .      
    .   
 .
     .      
 /   ,   ,   
 10     300000 .      
      
,        
    .
     
   .     
  .     ,   
,      .  
,     .   
     ,   
.     ,  
   95 96   
       ,    
,        
  ().
    
      ,   
    .      
,     Dain Rauscher 
.       .
     .     
,     ,    , 
 Telematics  Ford.
,      .
      ,
   . ,    
   Trafficmaster.     
,   ,    
          
   .      
          
 .       ,
,    ,   
   2  3 ,      
  .
Deutsche Telekom  Mannesman      
,  ,   
.          
       
.
     
.    SRI Consulting     
 (     ) 
1.5 .         
.
        
      
  ,   Automobile Association   
.  ,    
    .   ,
  ,   .
  2005 .    185 . .  17 . 
    .      
   Ovum.     
    ,      
.       
.   ,     
  30 . .     ,  
 .
   ,       
    ,     
       .   
     ,
           
  .     
        
.     5 ,     
 ,       .
       
     .
   ,   
   ,  ,  
  ..     
      ,  
        
.
  5 7    WEB   
     .
      ,   
    ,    .
      , 
       .
        
  .    
, ,  ,   , ..
      
.
   97 98   
 3.
   
GPS?
Datum
1.    ,   
  (=):      
   :   ,  
   ,    
     ;
2.    (   
 );
3.  ,    
  ;
4.     ,    
     , , 
.
 ,  GPS     100
        
  .
      WGS 84.  
    1942 .,    
    .
      ,   
    , ..   .
         WGS 84 
 .  RealMaps    
.    ,    
,   ,  GPS   
Psion     ,    .   
      GPS .
      Garmin eMap:
   Menu,  Setup ? Advanced.
  Map Datum  User    User Datum
Setup.
        
:
? DX = +28.0
? DY =  130.0
? DZ =  95.0
? DA =  108.0
? DF = +0.00480795
          
   .
   99 100   
   RealMaps      
  .     Interface (   
Advanced),   Serial Data Format    GARMIN
 NMEA.
 PsiGar      Garmin.
   ,   .   
 .
   User Datum Setup    
    . EtrexSummitUser 
     :
      ,  
   ,   .
 4.
  GPS?   

    GPS      
 :      ?
   :   ,   
  ,       ?
         
   ,      .
       
, ,       ,   
  ,     .
  ,    .  
      
 , ,       
     .
      : eTrex  GPS 12.
    . GPS 12    5 , 
eTrex    ,     
 .
      ,    
  :
? GPS 12    eTrex  170 ;
? GPS 12   4   ,  eTrex  
. ,     GPS12
      ;
?  GPS 12   (5.63.8 ),     2
.  eTrex ,    (5.42.7 ),  
   101 102   
       ,
  GPS 12.
    eTrex:   
  , ..      
 .       , 
,    ,     
    .  GPS 12   
 . , ,    
  eTrex     ,   
     .
    :
Garmin ,          
.     Garmin,   ,  GPS 12   
 ,  eTrex v ,    .
 ,     eTrex    
 ,     .
   ,    
   .    ,  , eTrex.
    ,  ,     
 .
GPS 12   20   30 ,   
eTrex,     ,  50 .   
  ,     . ,
     ,    
      ,    
   .
    ,      
  ,       
,     .
   ,   ,  
       .  
        
   . GPS 12      
       . eTrex 
     .
  250 
       eTrex Venture.    
         160288.
          
.         
.      ,   ,
   .        
       .
  20  50   ,    500  .
        
     eTrex  GPS 12,  ,
          
eTrex.
    ,       
eTrex,       ,   
,     .    
1       (Points Of Interests 
POI).      5   
 .     ,   
 .  ,      
   GPS  , ..       
  . ,    
          
.
   ,   eTrex,   
   .
  300 
     .   
eTrex   Summit, GPS II+  GPS 12 XL.
  GPS II+.      
   .  ,   
    .       
   103 104   
,    ,  ,    . 
,         ,
      .  , 
    ,     
     .
      ,   
        , 
        
      .  GPS II+  
    .  
    ,      
  .       
          
  .
      ,   
GPS II+  ,        
    .    
GPS II+  ,      4 .
 GPS 12XL  ,        
GPS II+,     . GPS 12XL 
 ,   GPS 12.   GPS 12,   
         . 
    GPS II+   :   
        
.
 eTrex Summit,       eTrex,   
   ,     .
    Garmin      
 ,    eTrex Venture.   
    64128.         
    . ,   ,  eTrex Summit 
,         
 eTrex Vista.         
 .
     .    
           
          
,   eTrex Summit     .
      ,
          ,  , 
    .        
,        
  .
    
         
.
     
       
  .
  350 
    GPS 128, eTrex Legend  GPS eMap.
 GPS 128  ,    GPS 12XL. 
   ,       
.       69.2  
   64100.      .  
     ,     
   10  ,     
     .
 eTrex Legend     ,  
  .      160288
        
   .    
       .
   105 106   
   8     
 .     MapSource,   
 Garmin,         
  .         
          
,     .
 ,      eTrex,   
    .   
   8 =     
 .
GPS eMap         
.     ,    
   .  
         
.
  4.25.6      
   120160         
  .      
      .
        
,        ,    
      MapSource, 
 Garmin,      .
      ,     
     Flash   8, 16, 32, 64  128
.          
       
.     ,     
   .    
 ,    .
        
        .   
  GPS     .
           
   8  16 ,        
.
    ,    
  ,   ,    
 .
       
.
  500 
        eTrex
Vista  GPS III+.
eTrex Vista        eTrex.
    , 
,        .
       
     .     
    24 .     
 .
       
  .
GPS III+   .    
,    .   
       
           
.         
    ,      
 .
   107 108   
       
.   ,   , ,  
       .
   
    ,     
 .   ,     .
  ,     , 
    .     
,     .
  ?
     
 1512 .      
  ,    ..
?       ,
   .   
 ,  .  
 ,  .   
  ,    .
   , 
   
 .
?    (, , , )
   .    
      .
?      
  ,     
.
 
   NEWCOM OPTIC   
      . 
  .
    
  NEWCOM OPTIC   
,    ,  
 .
:
?  /   ;
?  /  /  
 (     
);
?     10  ;
?   : /;
?    ( 
   3 ).
 NEWCOM OPTIC   ,   
   .
 5.
    ?
GPS         .
     .  
    .    
     .
  ,     
       ,   
    .  GPS   
     .    
  30 .     
30 .
   109 110   
 GPS    30 ,   ,   
  ,     . 
 GPS     .
 GPS   ,     
    .        
  .     ,  
        
,       .
   ,       
 30 ,     , ..   
   .    .
     30 ,  
   GPS       
.
 GPS    (  )
        
 ,      .
         ( 
)      .  
  .
   ,  GPS    
 .        
    .  GPS  
GPS Utility.  ,    GPS .   
         
  ,  ,   GPS,   .
 OziExplorer    
    .    
    .
   111 112   
 6.
 GPS? 
 
     
GPS  GARMIN     
 .   GPS   
  ,      
:   (RxD),   (TxD)  
 (SG).         
,    .
  ?
     
 9  ()   ,   
 DB9.         
 25      ,    
  DB25.       
 ,    25     
   ,     
   .
        
        .
          
    .
 
/   GPS
          
 GPS,      GARMIN   
   GARMIN.
 ,  

  
      GARMIN,  
GARMIN    .
      
 GPS
       
.

     .
 
     ,    
 ,      .
          
,            
     .   
 ,    .
      .
    GPS  
 ,    .  
      GPS! 
    ,    
 GPS.
   113 114   
 
     ,  
.        
 ,     .    
  ,      , 
      .
        
 GPS  .
  DATA OUT  /   2
  (RxD)   DB9 ( 3   DB25).
  DATA IN  /   3  
  (TxD)   DB9 ( 2   DB25).
  /    5  
  (SG)   DB9 ( 7   DB25).
  GPS      
,    (    
       () ,  
  .    ,    
.
    /  
      .  
        
  .
      / 
   GPS        
    .        
    .
   ,  :
?      
?       (
)
?     
 (   ). 
    
.
?     (
 )     GPS.
    .
   ,     
   GARMIN.
 
   115 116   
:  9     
     (,  
)
  DGPS,  GPS 

    ,     .
 GPS    ( )    
 ,      3   
 (  ).
     DGPS   
    GPS,    GPS
      ,    
    ()     
     DGPS.
       
 GPS,       DGPS   
.
        
   DGPS,       
      .
    .
   117 118   
:       
GPS (   GPS   ),  
   DGPS .    
    DGPS    
   DGPS
   Macintosh
    GARMIN    
  Macintosh,      
      .   
       
     GARMIN  8 
  DIN8,    
Macintosh.  ,   IBM 
,     Macintosh  
.    Macintosh  8  
   DIN8     .   
  /   DIN8  
    :
?   DATA OUT  / 
 5   (RxD)   DIN8
?   DATA IN  / 
 3   (TxD)   DIN8
?   /    4
  (SG)   DIN8
 7.
 GPS  
           
  GPS   .    GPS    
 .   ,    ,    
      .   
   ?   
      ,      
  ?
   ( )     
.       GPS 
   ,   ,   
GPS ,           
 .     
     .
    ,    
   GPS  (     
  GPS).
1.         .
,    ,     ,
      .      ,  
. , ,  , .
     ,      
  ,  (  ).  ,
          ,    
 .     GPS,   (waypoint)
   119 120   
        (Goto). ,
       , GPS    
       .
 :     .    
      ,  
,         (  Garmin
eTrex    Project).
2.     .
   ,   ,    
 ,   GPS     ( 
,      ).  ,  
   .     GPS  
,      Goto    
,   . GPS     
.         
  ,   .   GPS   
,          
 . GPS    .
,         
 ,    .  1999     
(),    1  : 500 ,   
,   ,       .  
 GPS,    .
3.   .
        .
:
? .      .
? .    .
? /.   (  
)     ,  
,      .
     . , 
       (  ),
 ,        ,   
  .      , 
 ,   .
      (, track)    
.      , ,  GPS,  
   .  ,    /
 .
    GPS      
    ,      
.         ,   
   ( )   . 
     ,  ,    
,      .   ,
  GPS,   :      
         ?
  GPS ,  ,    
  .
1.      .  
     (     
   ). ,   
,     ,      
 .     GPS   
,   ,     . 
,  GPS     ,
  .
2.   .   GPS  
      ,    
,     . ,     
  .   ,   
    ,    
    .    
  GPS  .
3.  GPS   ,     
 . ,   eTrex   
   .       .  
    ,   
     .
       
, ,  ,     
 .
   ,   
 GPS  .
   121 122   
 (accuracy) GPS  ,  
   1  2,         
        GPS.    
   ,   
  ..      .  ,
         
         .
     ( , ), 
  (5 )    .      
 GPS         
,  ,   ,      ,
  GPS.      GPS   
.   300   ,   
 .   GPS? ,    ,   
     .
     ,  
 ,   .    
  ,    ,  
      
     .
   GPS  .    
    ,   .
 GPS  ,      ,   
   ,  .    
,    GPS    .   
    ,    .  
        .
 GPS     ,   
        ,   
.
       GPS.  Garmin
,    eTrex       
   20 .   ,   
     .  ,
           
      .   
 ,    ,   GPS   
  .     ,   
     5 7 .    
   ,    
   .
       GPS.   
     . ,    
 ,        .
       .     
 .    GPS   
         . , 
     ,      
     .     GPS
       . ,  
   ,        
   ,    .     
   ,   ,    ,  
  .  GPS        
   .   GPS    
 ,  ,   .    
      .  
 ,   GPS     .
    ,    .    
   ,    
     .    
  .
  GPS ? Garmin ,  .   
    GPS     ,
       ..   ,   
      ,   
    .
 .
       GPS,     
,  ,  GPS   ,  
   ,   .       
,         
. GPS   ,       
  .  GPS      
,   .     
 GPS   .     
 ,  GPS   ,   
        .
   150 .     150    Garmin
eTrex     .      
 GPS,     .
   123 124   
    ,   
 ,     ,   
   GPS.      
,   ,         .
 8.
     
 
 
    GPS    
,     ,   .  
      ,   
          
 . ,   Mio 168   
 ,       .   
  ,      
.   ,      ,
      . ,  ,  
   .
      
  Mio 168,      
  .
    .  ,   ,   
    .    ,  
        .
     . , 
      .    
   .      
         .
    ,   
 .    ,    .
,        
 ,       ,   
   .
,     
.       
     .
     .  
    ,   ,    
     .   
  , ,      , 
   ,   ,     
  .
   Mitac Mio 168   
 ,       
.  Mitac 168   , ,     
  ,   ,   
,  .
    !  
         
  .    Mio 168   5,5
       3    
 .         
 , ,   .
   125 126   
       . 
    Pocket PC (    
    PocketGPS Pro Moscow)  
,      . ,     
       
  .      
      .  
 ...
     Mio 168.     
        
   ,    ,
,   ,   GPS  Mitac Mio 336,  
      .  ,
   (400  Intel PXA255)  64   
     ,     
.
? 1  
? 2   / 
? 3   
? 4   
? 5   
? 6  
? 7    
? 8   
? 9    (  
   )
? 10   
? 11    
  !
       
.     PocketGPS Pro Moscow 
2.0.59R      ,   
  .
  
        
.     ,     
   127 128   
       (
      )      
.   18  .  ,    
,     .
      . 
     18   ,
    ,     
.
 ,      
    .      
       (   
   ).
        , 
  .     
  .
       
      .
 ,       
,   :
?   GPS 
?   ,    ,
 ,     
 
?       
? , , .
, ,     .  
    GPS     
        
, ,    .   
      ,  ,
      
   129 130   
  .  ,   
  GPS ,     ,   
 Mio 168 co  ,     
   .
 , ,      
,   , ,  ,    
   ,        GPS  
  .     
    ,     .
, ,      ,  
   GPS,  Global Positioning System    
   ,    
  .   ,  
   .       
  (    ). 
,    ,    
 ,    GPS.
  , ,   ,    
         .
,        , , 
 .   ,    , GPS
   ,      
.  ,   x,    
   30 ,  ,   ,    
      
 .
  ,      
  ,        ,   
, ,      .   
 30 .       .
   10 ,    
    . ,    
     .
        c,
   , ,  ,  ,
 .
,     GPS ,      ,
      !     
  ,      
.
 
 , ,   . 
        .
, ,      .
   131 132   
      
,      ,    
          .
       
     ,     
.         
   ,      
  .      
 ,    ,    ,  
     ,    
  .
 
       , 
          ,  
       .
 ,     ,  
      .     
  PocketGPS Pro Moscow,      
,         .
 ,      
,     .    20 000,  
  ,     ,  
      
 .
   133 134   
      
   .
    GPS ,  
      
    (   
 ).
     ,     
 .    ,    
 .
         
  (   ), ,    
.
      ,
   ,   ,  
  ,    .
   135 136   
 ,   ,    
,    ,  
       .
    ,      
 ,  ,   , 
  ,   37 ,     
 .  ,   ,   
  .
          ,  
   .    
   , , .   
     ,      
,   ,      
(  )      , 
.
,         
 ( ),         .   
,      ,   ,  
 ,    ?
   137 138   
      
   .    ,
  .        
 , ,   ,    
(  1    1 ).      
    ,  , , .
 
       
    . ,    ,   
,  ,    .  
     ,     
    .      
 .
       .  
          
. ,        
     .  PocketGPS Pro Moscow  
      
( ).     GPRS (   
    GPRS    )   
 ,     
 COM .
,  ,        
.         
    ,    
      
,         
 .
    .   
          . 
,        
. (      Pocket Nature,  
      ,  COM 
.)
 ,       
.        
,          1
  1 .
   139 140   
,       , 
      .   
    .
,         
, ,  ,  .  ,    
      ,    
         
.
 ,       
    .    ,  
    (  ,  ),  ,  
       ,    
 .
   141 142   
   (    
   ),      
 .
       
.         
     (  
).
    ,   
  . ,        
,     .
  
  ,        
         (  
 ).    (      
)     .
,        
       .  
  .    ,    
 ,    .    
  ,      ( 
).         
,        . 
 ,      .
    ,      
  .       ,  
 ,    ,  , . 
 ,      
.       ,   
    30 .
 ,      
    ,   ,  
     ,   ,    
       .   
  ,   ,  ,   
    , .  
  ,     ,   
.
        .
     GPS    
  .     
        
  ,     .
        
,   ,         
     .  
       (   
 3   ). ,     
   143 144   
         
 .

PocketGPS Pro Moscow    ,
    ,     
 ,     .
    .  ,   .  
      ,  
    .   
        
   . ,    
,      ,    .
         
 ,   ..      
    ,   
      .
C,      
 .        
,    ,    
        
 .  ,       
  .
?
      ,    
.           
.        ,  
    ,     .
   .     ,   
     ,     
.    ,  ,  ,  , 
       . , 
 ,         
      .
   145 146   
    ,  5.
     ,   ,  
       14.
    .      
,    ,      .
,  ,   .  
,      , 
      . , 
 ,        
   ,    
  .
     .  
,  ,     .  
,          
 ,       .
   147 148   
    ,     
  .        
        
.
 
,         
 (   ),     
    .
     ,    
 .     ,   
   .  (  )    
 .    ,      
 .   2      ,
     .   
  40 ,    ,     
  28 .
 ,     , ,  
,    .  ,       
 . ,        
 ,      40 .
   149 150   
         
 .       .
,      ,    
     ...
 
       
 ,       
,   ,  .
,  ,     Pocket GPS Pro
Moscow   :
?    .
?      
 , ,  
 ,    
   ( :   
,  ).
 ,      Mio 168  PocketGPS Pro
Moscow    ,        
       Bluetooth 
 c .      
     Bluetooth  GPRS,  
  ,     , 
      .
 
       
,    (  )   
 .       
 PocketGPS Pro Moscow       http://www.pocket 
gps.ru.
 
  (    
     ,    
)  ,   ,   
       :
?       
   151 152   
?      

?     .
, ,    . 
       
 .
        .  
     ,     ,
   :
?     ,  
       
?      
    

?   ,   
    
 .   ,  
      
 .
 9.
 GPS
   ,       
    .   
  ,        300 
400 .  ,        , 
    :     ?   
   !     ,   
    .     
      ,  
  ,       GPS 
,       .
  
         
.         
      ,   
       (  .)  
 .  ,    (   ), 
  .      
 ()     !
       . 
    , ...     
    .     
   ,       
,          
  .       
( ,  )    ,    
.     ,    
   .       
          
 .
,         
        .
        
       .  
          
  ,        
  ,      
    .  , 
         
    . ,  . 
    ,    ,  
  ,     
  . ?       
  ,      ,  
   .
    :    .   
 .     ,  
  ,   ,    ,     
.     :   
           
.        
,         
    . ,     
      ,    
.  , ,         
 .   ,   ?      
,  ,      
   153 154   
,     ,   
    !
 
  ,    (  
   ,  ),    
   ,         
 .   ?        
  (    ) 
  ,       
       (!)     
      !  ,  ,
        
 ,   !      
 ,   ,     
 600 .    ,     
  ,    , 
       .
       
   Garmin III Plus.   , ,
 GPS    ,  
.
,   GPS (Global Positioning System   
  )    
 ,     24  , 
 ,        
    .     
,       ( 
    ).    
        
      .   
 ,      .   
,       3
 ( ,      )  4  
     (     ).  ,  
  ,  ,     
 ,   .     
   ,    
 .          
   (     , 
        
   ).
       
,      GPS    
      gps.ru,    
. ,    ,   ! 
     .   
   gps.boston.ru     
        
.
,  , ,    
         
.        
   ,     
  ,   ,    
.  ,   ,   
   . ,    
 ,    ,  
       .
,          
,          ,
   .    ,  
      ,    ,
     .    
  ,   . 
      GPS.
 
       
       
.        ,   
   ,     ,  
,    ,       
   ,   ,   .
     .    
         
,      ,    
       
 .        
       ,     
 .  ,   ,  
    .
   155 156   
  ,      
,    ()     
,   ,   .     ,
    (  ,     
)      
.          
,       .
    
       :
? ,  ,  
,   
,     
     .
?      
 , 
,  ,   
  .  ,     
  GPS   , 
   ,     
     , 
      , 
      ,
    
 (waypoints).
? ,      
     (moving maps).
     
       (
  ).      
       
.     
,   Microsoft  
AutoRoute,  ,    
    ,   
     .
       
   .  ,     
    CompactFlash,  
  PDA  HPC,      .
 GPS    
   Palm .    
        Atlas 
HandMap.
   (Bitmap)   ,
 ,    , 
   .    :
       
  ,        
on line   GPS.
       
 ,        
 .  ,     HandMap  
    ,    .
,     
PalmPilot (Palm, Visor    ), ,      
,        
Pocket PC.         
  .
    Windows CE  :
?     ,
    
.
?    :  Windows CE 
      Palm 
 100  .  , 
      ,
,   ! 
 80    
(   )  Palm   
.   
,      TRG. , ,   
     , 
     .  ,
     
     ,  
  Microsoft    
 Pocket PC.  , Pocket Streets  
  GPS, , ,   . 
 ,      
   157 158   
Palm   .   
   Windows CE   
   OziExplorer  ,
,     
,     
  GPS .   , 
 Windows CE    
  .
  ( )   
 ,       : 
  ,     
 ,      ,  
     Windows CE.  PalmGIS
       , 
             
   GPS .     
   eTrex  Garmin   .
 
    GPS   Cassiopeia E 115
        PalmGIS,    
  .         
 : ,      
  ,    3  6    
   6 10 .   ,  
     .   
      ,  
        
  ,    !     
,      :   
     ,     
      .
 ,    ,  
   .   ,   
 ,        ,  
 , .        
     .   ,   
     .    
         
  ,     ,   
 ,    !
     OziExplorer CE 
  ( 1   2 )   
   .
    ! 
(,  GPS )     
 .        ,   
  .   ,   
,   ,  ,
    .      
,        ,   
    ,    !  
       ,     
  ,      !
 10.
  GPS?
,   !
        
   ,     ! ,  , 
 ,     .     
         
      .     
    Palm Vx    
.   ,     
 .     !   ...
 , ,   
,   ,  ,      
        .    
 ,  ,      
     .
  20  .    , 
        
  Palm Vx,   Cassiopeia E125  GPS eTrex.  
,  !   .   ,    
   ,     !
,    .
   159 160   
 :
? GPS  Palm Vx ,    12
       
.       
 .       
   .   ,
      
 ,     
(NMEA Monitor),      .
?    eTrex    Cassiopeia
  :  
      
.
, Cassiopeia E 125     
:         800 .
         6 .  
,    ,         
 .
  :
N 66 59 21,5
E 65 28 40,4
         
   ,       
     .     
    ,     
.
     .   ,
    ,         . 
     .
        
       
  .     Cassiopeia E125  GPS
eTrex  Palm Vx  ,        
.
     !        
  !         
   eTrex  ,  Palm Vx     
   ,       ,   
    .    ,   
    ,    ,   
       .
 ,       
, ,       ,   
 !   ,    
  ,     ,       
 Palm Vx.
 :
? GPS  eTrex     
.     , 
 .
?      Palm Vx 
     
.      GPS 
     .   
  ,    .
         
,    50      
     !    
   ,  ,  .
   161 162   
 : ,   .   , 
,    ,      . 
 .     !
  ...      .  
,    ,    
   ,   .    Palm Vx,
         
,   ,   !
     :   
  ,       
 ,         ..
  ,     ,
      ,     
   Palm Vx    . 
          3 /!    
        
 .
 !..  Cassiopeia    
   ,      waypoint    
      .
 :
?        
    
:  Cassiopeia E 125   
 ,     
.  Palm Vx   , 
   ,  
.   Palm Vx   
,   GPS 
     
 .  ,  
   ,   
      22 !
? GPS eTrex,    
,      ,
       
   .  ,
   Cassiopeia E 125,  
   . GPS   
,     ,  
        
.
?        
 ,     
 .  ,   OziExplorer CE 
  ,   
 .    , 
 .  ,   Palm 
,         
  .   Palm   
,    .
?     Cassiopeia.   
,    .  
   30 .
  :
N 66 56 28,5
E 65 26 38,0
 : 687    .
   163 164   
   ,        !
 ,    .        
    .  ,    
     .      
.
      150,  
  50 .   ,     ,
     .   
 .       ,  ,
       .   .
       ,  
      .   ,  
        
.
     ,   ,  
 Cassiopeia.   ,       
  ,     .
     ,    ,   
,       ,
    .   , Cassiopeia
        ,   ,   
     .
 ,        ,
      .    
   :     ,   
 .  ,  ,    
  ,      .
 ,    ,     
.     ,    ,
   , :   ,    
 GPS  ,   !
  ,  ,      
,   ,      
   .       
  !        
.    ,    , 
, , .      ,
     Cassiopeia  . 
,          
    c    . 
    !   ! 
     ,       
            
    .
 :
?      ,  
 GPS     
   ,    
  ,   .
,      
   ,  
    .  
      
     ,   
 .
  :
N 66 55 25,3
E 65 20 48,0
      . 
,        
 :   Cassiopeia       
.
 ,     (   
 ),    .    
Cassiopeia  GPS  .   .
, ,  ,      ,  
  .      
 ,   ,    ,  
       .
      ,    
   GPS  :    ,   
    .
     ,   
  .        
 ,       .
     ,      
            
  (   )     
   165 166   
   .       
     .      
          
 .
  :
N 67 06 50,7
E 65 18 52,3
 : 185      
Cassiopeia.
205       Palm Vx.
   ,         
!     ,   ,  . 
    ,     
   !      , 
 ,         
!
         
   .     
       .    
  ,      . ,
   ,  .  ,   
,      
 .
        
Palm Vx, GPS eTrex  Cassiopeia E 125.   ,    
   ,     
 ,       ,   
           
 !
  
N 67 09 34,8
E 65 17 21,2
 :
? 1082       Cassiopeia.
? 1091       Palm Vx.
   4,5 .
   :
?      27,5 /
?     3,2 /
?    5,82 
?  1,56 
,       
       .
    !
N 67 06 50,9  5 
E 65 18 52,8
  :
N 67 03 28,9
E 65 20 58,7
  GPS :
Pocket PC  (Cassiopeia + OziExplorer CE):
?   .
?      (  
    
   ).
?  ,   
  (  ).  
      
GPS .
?   Cassiopeia  
 .
?     
?      
?    
  backup
?    (   
.)   
?      .
?       
  .
   167 168   
Palm OS  (Palm Vx + Atlas)
?     ,
   .
?   Palm    
 ,   .
?   ,   
.
?     (Atlas,
Tracker, Compass, NMEA Monitor)
   GPS  
?       GPS
    ,  
      (, 
).
?       
  (   GPS
    ).
?        
GPS ,   
 .
   Pocket PC    
  ,    ,   
       
OziExplorer.  ,  ,        
,   ,   Pocket PC   
         .
   Palm      
   ,      
     .
       
  GPS ,      
 .         
   .
 ,      ,   
 Palm OS    GPS ,  
Rand McNally.
 4.
  
  GPS?
GPS        
   Global Positioning System.
   ?
 ,      100  
 , ..   ,   
  ,       . 
,   GPS       1  
.
   GPS?
GPS       
   (  NAVSTAR)  
 ,    .    
    GPS , 
   169 170   
        
 .
     NAVSTAR?
    NAVSTAR  24 ,  
  6   ,     
 60   .      12 . 
   787 ,   5 ,    
.       ,  
  10 9 ,      
  50 ,    1575.42 .
 NAVSTAR    1978 ,  
     .     
   10 ,      
       ,   
   .
    24   12 
.
     ?
     :
?   (   
);
?  ;
?  ;
?  ;
?      .
  ?
   ,        
         , ..
   .
   ?
GPS        
     ,    
       .  ,
  2   (  )  
   ,       
  .
 GPS?    ?
     
  ,       
    GPS   
    . ,    
         GPS  
 ,     
 , ,   ,  
.
    
?
   ,  , 
 .        
     ,  
     30  100 ,   
  GPS    
.  1  2000       
.
      
   ,  
 (    ),  
      .
   GPS??
 GPS       
  ,      .     
 ,    ,     
,        
,  GPS    . 
         :
 GPS   .
         
 :   ,    
    ,      
  .
 GPS ,     
        
       
      .
   171 172   
 GPS ,    
,        
        
.
 GPS ,   
 ,   .
     ?
.      
    . ,  
      ,   
     ,  
NAVSTAR,         
  .
 5.

 1.
 GPS?
    GPS    
  ,      ?
 ,     ,   
 ,     GPS .
 ,     ,   
  ,      .    
    eTrex   Garmin,  
  MAGELLAN, GM100  HOLUX
 ,    , 
,    ,       
 .      
     .      
 GPS 12, GPS 72, GPS 76  eMap  Garmin, iFinder  Lowrance
 ,      
     .      
           
 .     Street Pilot, GPS 128/126,
GPSMAP176C, LMS320 ( + GPS)       
  
  ,   ,
 .          
, , .     
,       5 . 
    .  RAYTHEON, INTERPHASE
   
         
  .  ,   
      .  
       
   173 174 
    ,   
  ( 8   256  ).    
    ,        
     .   
       / 
 .
       
 .  ,   ,   
   .      .   
,    ,   
    .    
       . 
    ,    
 .     ,     
       .
          
       
.          
   ,      
     ,     
    .   
 ,        
  ,     .  
        , .. 
        
         .
       
,         
       :
\  ..   ,      
    (       ?), 
     ,     .  
       ,    
    .      eTrex,
eTrex Legend, eTrex Summit, eTrex Venture, GPS 12, GPS 76.    
     .
 ,    ,   
  GPS   .   
       .  LMS320 
Lowrance, SeaCharter 320 DF  FishElite 320  Eagle.
      ,   
   .     Garmin 
Lowrance   CD.        
   .  eMap  GPSMAP176C  Garmin, iFinder 
Lowrance,  GM100  HOLUX.
        
          
.         
 .
 2.
Pocket Navigator
Pocket Navigator       
 ,      
 ,      ,
   .     
 ,    ,     
       .   
          
 .
Pocket Navigator        
  Mitac Mio 168   GPS    
         
    ,  
       
,       
,       .
Pocket Navigator     PocketGPS
Pro Moscow,       
.        ,
 ,         
,          
 .     
   .
 175 176 
Pocket Navigator     
   .      
         .  
        
       .
Pocket Navigator       
   ,      
.
 Pocket Navigator
 
Mitac MIO 168       
Pocket PC    GPS . GPS   
    , 
         
  .  64  RAM  Mitac MIO 168  
   .        
    Mitac MIO 168.
 
? PocketGPS Pro Moscow 2.0  GPS   
      MMC, 64 Mb.
PocketGPS Pro Moscow   ,  
         
,  ,         
.         
,       
.         
 .        
    .   
       .
? MacCentre Pocket Russkey    Pocket PC
.
  
?  Mitac  
?   Mitac  

 
        
Pocket Navigator   .
?       
.
?  PocketNature   
      .
?  PocketNature   
     
.
 3.
   4.1
   ,    
  (,   ), 
          
.
    4.1  /  
         
  . ,     
  .
 :
? ;
 177 178 
?  ;
?  ;
? SMS;
? ICQ;
?  ;
? .
 
 ,       4.1,
     / ( 
      )   
       .
    /,  
 ,       
         .  
 ,     4.1 
    .  
   .
 4.1   ,    
30   .
     4.1  1 .   
,   ,   ,  
2      .    
      .
    ( )  .
      3    
 .
       ,
 ,       
.
      
SMILink.
 4.
ROADINFORMER
1.       
 ,      
   . .    
   .        
 .
2.     һ  .  
 (,  ,  ), 
,  , ,  
.
3.      
.         ( 
     ).   
  864   (    
).      
500 700          1.5 3  
    .      
       . 
    :
?      ;
?     ;
?      .
4.       1 .
 179 180 
5.   :
?      0.95;
?       0.85.
6.         
.
 :
?   28011020 
?    350 .
?  /  12 V/600 700.
 5.

     D     
  .
        
  ,  ,     
,   ,     GPRS.
 6.
Roadinformer Java
 : Siemens S55, SonyEricsson P800, P900 T610, Nokia
40 series (3300,5100,6100,6200,6220,6610,6800,7210,7250), Nokia 6600.
       
(     ),  
    Ļ       
 ,      .   
 :        ,  
   .    
     .   
      (   
 ).
   : Lite  Pro.   ,    
 Pro       ,   
 Lite  .
    :
?      
Roadinformer ,  ,   
 Java  Roadinformer Java.
 181 182 
?   ,    
  PIN.     ,  
    0830 ( 
  )      
      
.
?    ,   
   PIN   SMS .  
      .
   
,       
  .
?    ,  
 ,   ,  
    
  .       
  , 
     
  .
     , 
 ,      GPRS,      
        GPRS.
  
  GPRS   
? 
?  
? 
     .   
 :
1.  
      
,          
.
     GPRS   
:
2.      
? MTC: 766 01 66 (  )  0890 
.
?   GSM: 0611.
? :     (095) 502 55 00, 
     
  500.
 
      RoadInformer 
JAVA   http  ( 80).  
 (): 1K     , 2    
.
  Siemens S55    
Roadinformer   
?  ?  ?   ? GPRS ?
 
? HTTP	 ?  ?  ?  
 ? 
?  ?  ?   ?  ?
 GPRS ? 
APN: internet.mts.ru
 : mts
: mts
DNS1: 213.087.000.001
DNS2: 213.087.001.001
 183 184 
? 
?     ?  ? 
? 
mtsgprs
? 
? 
. : 300
 : 
 : 
 : 8080
 . : 
 : 
? 
?  ?  ?   ?  . ?
.,Java,Rms ? 
?  mts gprs
  Siemens S55    
Roadinformer   
?  ?  ?   ? GPRS ?
 
? HTTP	 ?  ?  ?  
 ? 
?   ?  GPRS ? 
APN: internet.beeline.ru
 : beeline
: beeline
DNS1: 217.118.066.243
DNS2: 217.118.066.244
? 
?     ?  ? 
? 
beegprs
? 
? 
. : 300
 : 
 : 
 : 8080
 . : 
 : 
? 
?  ?  ?   ?  . ?
.,Java,Rms ? 
?  bee gprs
  SonyEricsson T610    
Roadinformer   
?    /Connect ?  /Data
comm ? . /Preff. service  GPRS 
GSM.
?    /Connect ?  /Data
comm ?  /Data accounts   .
/New account
?    /Account type  
GPRS/GPRS data.
?   .  /New account :
/Name: MtsGprsInet
 /APN: internet.mts.ru
 /User id:  
/Password:  
?  /Save.
?      
MtsGprsInet.  /Edit.
 /APN:  
 /User id:  
/Password:  
 /Password request: ./Off
. /Allow calls: 
 IP/IP adress:  
 DNS/DNS adress: 213.087.000.001
.:  
?      /WAP Services ?
 WAP/WAP Options ?  WAP/WAP profiles.
 185 186 
?   /New profile:
/Name: MtsInet
. /Connect using:    
MtsGprsInet
 IP/IP adress: 212.044.140.013
?  /Save.
?       MtsInet,
 /Edit.
?     ..
? . . ./Chg homepage:
/Name: MTS
/Newress: http://wp.mts.ru
2 . :  
 /User id:  
/Password:  
/Security: .
. ./Show images: .
?       
 WAP/WAP Services   MtsInet.
     .
  SonyEricsson T610    
Roadinformer   Beeline
?    /Connect ?  /Data
comm ? . /Preff. service  GPRS 
GSM.
?    /Connect ?  /Data
comm ?  /Data accounts   .
/New account.
?    /Account type  
GPRS/GPRS data.
?   .  /New account :
/Name: BeeGprsInet
 /APN: internet.beeline.ru
 /User id: beeline
/Password: beeline
?  /Save.
?      
BeeGprsInet.  /Edit.
 /APN:  
 /User id:  
/Password:  
 /Password request: ./Off
. /Allow calls: 
 IP/IP adress:  
 DNS/DNS adress: 217.118.66.243
.:  
?      /WAP Services ?
 WAP/WAP Options ?  WAP/WAP profiles.
?   /New profile:
/Name: BeeInet
. /Connect using:    
BeeGprsInet
 IP/IP adress: 192.168.017.001
?  /Save.
?       BeeInet,
 /Edit.
?     ..
? . . ./Chg homepage:
/Name: Bee
/Newress: http://wp.beeline.ru
2 . :  
 /User id:  
/Password:  
/Security: .
. ./Show images: .
?       
 WAP/WAP Services   BeeInet.
     .
  , 
 
     ,  
    SMS     0830    
 aeromobile.ru.      
   2 SMS    
 187 188 
1407.       AUTO.   
    SMS    :
?   3,8    ;
?    4    ;
?   4    .
     SMS 
 7  .
    
  0830 (  , )
     ,  
    SMS     0830    
 aeromobile.ru.      
     0830      
  ,    ,   
  .       ,   
   3 .       
,          SMS  
 (  3 ).
 7.
Pocket Navigator PN?4700
     
  VGA ,   
    .       
  ,      
     .
Pocket Navigator PN 4700     HP
iPAQ hx4700   Pocket GPS Pro Moscow,  
 Hewlett Packard   .     
,        
 .    iPAQ
hx4700         
       ,
    ,  .
 Pocket Navigator PN 4700      
       VGA  
.            
 ,  ,      
 .      
      .   
     ,     , 
   ,    20
. .         
  .
       
      .
       
 ,      ,   
     PocketGPS   
.           
 189 190 
.       
    ,      
.
 8.
Acer n35
 ,     
 GPS (Global Positioning System),     
,  , , ,   .  
  ,       ,   
    ,    
  .   :   ,    
,  .
,      
       .   
 GPS     ,  (
  )      
 .
  ,     GPS 
   .       
 Garmin iQue 3600 (    Palm OS 5.2)  Mitac
Mio 168 (  Windows Mobile 2003).    
       Acer,      
    . ,    
  Acer n35.
 :
?  : Microsoft Windows Mobile 2003
? : Samsung S3C2410 266 M
? : 64 M RAM (55 M  )  32
M Flash ROM (2 M )
? : 3,5" (89 ),  TFT, 240x320 ,
65536 
?  : SD/Multimedia Card
?  : IrDA
? : Li ion, , 1000 
? : , , 3,5   

?   : 120  72  20   150 .
 
    (Mitac Mio 168),    
,   ,    .  
,       
. ,    ,    
        .
, :
? 
?   
? USB     
?       
?        

? 
?  
?  .
 
   2005  Acer n35  
   ,       Mitac Mio 168,
       . ,  
     ,       
  .
      . 
   (    Pocket
PC!) ,    .
  Acer n35,  GPS     
  ,   .    
     .
  GPS (  ) c 
 .
 191 192 
  ,   , .  , 
           
   . , ,    
   . ,     
  .
  ,     Acer n35  
 , ,  GPS ,   
    ,  , ,  Mio
168,       ,  
  .
    .   
         
.         
    Acer n35  
, ,   ,      
,      .
    : Today, Calendar,
Contacts  Inbox.  , ,   
.     (    
),       .  
       .
,   Acer n35   . 
     ,  
.       ,   
    ,  ,     
  .
     :   
 () ,    Enter. 
  ,   ,     
       .     
 Enter.     ,  .   , 
     Enter  ,   
      .     
      ,     
 .
 ,      
,    .
  Acer n35   .   
     .    GPS 
  , ,    GPS  
.
      .   
:   ,     SD/M, 
     .     ,
    .  ,  
     .     
(3,5 ).
  : ,  
   .    ,  
      .
     ,   
 (  )  ,   
 .
        
.     ,    
       .
    ,     GPS  
.
,   .  ,    
 ,   .    
     ,     
.
     .   
       ,   
  . ,     .  
,   .
 ,  .
. . 
 Acer n35     Samsung
S3C2410    266 .      
 ,     
 .
 ,       
 ,      .
 193 194 
     64 M,  
  55 M.
         64 
128 M    32 M.     
 ,     , 
 2 M. ,         
   .
    SPB Bench 
mark.      .   
      .  
   ,      Platform
Index.
        ,  
       ,
      . ,  ,   
,         , 
  Acer n35    2005 .  
  ,    
  Acer n35,   HP iPAQ hx2110.
,     ,  
,  . ,  
      .
 195 196 

   ,  3,5  
 (89 ) .   ,    
 , Mio 168, ,  , .  , 
    ,    ,    
      . ,      
       ,   GPS 
,      ,  
 .
    .    
,  20   .    
 (, )   .     
       ,   90
        45 .   
,     .

Acer n35     1000 .  
     , , 
    ,   GPS ,  
 .    ,  ,  ,
    ,     
.
      
    Main battery low    
 :
 . GPS  ,     
  ,      .
   2  05 .
 .   : GPS 
,         
,        .   
    .    3  15 .
  . GPS  ,  
    ,   c  
 Haali Reader   .    5 
15 .
 . GPS    .  
     Palm Zire 71 (  
     ).   
 GS Player,    192 256 KBps   
.    7  50 .
 , ,     
.          
 , Mitac Mio 168 (     
).       . , 
  ,       
.
,  ,    .   
     (    
),   .

    ( ,  ) 
.  Acer n35   :  ,  
  ,        
  .
 197 198 
 ,     , 
        
   .
  Acer n35  .     
 (  )  c  
     2 .
   ,     
    .
GPS?
 ,   ,     
  GPS .  ,   12  
.
 ,      ( )
    GPS.   ,   
      
  . ,     .  
        GPS  
 Pretec  GPS Info.
    .    
          2D  
,    .      
  .      3D ,
           
  GPS .
      c  
 PocketGPS Pro v.2.   .   
 GPS  Acer n35     
.    ,     
 ,   (    ).    
      (    
 ,       
)       ,    ,
  20 30 .
     .
PocketGPS Pro,       
,  . ,     
 199 200 
 (     )   
   30 40 , , ,  .
 ,       Acer
n35.  ,    .
    Acer n35   
     .  
,     .    
   ,      .
 
 Acer n35    Microsoft Windows
Mobile 2003    :
? Calendar, Contacts, Tasks, Notes
? Pocket Word, Pocket Excel
? Pocket Internet Explorer
? Inbox
? Voice Recorder
? Windows Media Player 9
? File Explorer
? Pictures
? Calculator
? Solitaire, Jawbreaker
? Terminal Services Client, MSN Messenger
? Microsoft Reader
 ,       
 .
     .  , 
  ,  .       
      GPS.   
 ,        
 GPS  (, VisualGPSce  GPSengine),
    ,     .
 201 202 

 ,  c   
   ,      
  .  ,    
    ,         
        
 .
, ,   
  Bluetooth   ,      
     de facto.  ,   
       ,  
,     .    
       Acer n35 , 
, . ,     ?
Fortuna ClipOn Bluetooth GPS
      GPS (Global
Positioning System)     
 Bluetooth    SiRF Xtrac. 
Bluetooth       
,      . SiRF Xtrac  
,        
,        .  
       
    ,     .
Fortuna Clip On     
   Bluetooth.     Pocket PC    
  Bluetooth,      
     GPS .  
  ,   
   ,     
.
 9.
Royaltek Bluetooth GPS mini
  Bluetooth,   (70
4123 )   ( 60 .)     (SiRF
IIe/LP inside)       
 GPS ,      
         
.
 203 204 
 10.
Fortuna U2
  U2 Smart GPS   
   ,   SiRF.
           
    , ,  
  ..           
   .
        
   RS 232.     
       .
 11.
Pretec Bluetooth GPS mini
  Bluetooth,     
         
   GPS ,     
       
   .
 12.
Fortuna PocketXtrack GPS
  Fortuna XTrack GPS    
   GPS ,    SiRF.
         
    , ,
  ..
         
  .
 205 206 
        
  Compact Flash Card.     
     .   
   12  ,  
  100       1    
.  Trickle Power    
 ,   Push to Fix    
     ,    .
 13.
Pretec CompactGPS
    ,     
 .  Pretec CompactGPS (   
)     Pocket PC   
  ,     
     .   Pretec 
Pocket PC     ,    
      ,  
  .
     
 27 ,   ,  Pretec Compact 
GPS        
  ,   , ,  
,    .
 Pretec CompactGPS     Compact 
Flash       ,    
   Windows CE.    
     . CompactGPS
        
   ,       
    ( 500 /)    
   .  GPS   
     OEM .
 CompactGPS  12  , 
         
 .     ,  
  CompactGPS        
      ,     
.     CompactGPS   Compact 
Flash,       PC card,  
      , 
 PCMCIA.
 14.
    
 Mitac International    
   Mio 168 Pocket PC   GPS  
.
 207 208 
 Mio 168     
MS Windows Mobile 2003 Pocket PC,   Intel PXA255
300 MHz, 32  , 64  SDRAM    
 TFT   3.5   65000
,   SDIO.
 Mio 168       
      ,    
   ,   . 
    32  MMC   
     .
 15.
GPS? Mitac Mio268  Mio269
MioTech    GPS , Mitac Mio268 
Mio269,   Mio269,   ,   
   ,  1   
  2,5 .    2   ,  
   ,   500    
MP3 .   ,      
,     Intel PXA 255 300 , 3,5 
320 x 240, 65 . , 32  ROM, 64  SDRAM,   
,  SD/MMC,     Microsoft
Windows CE .Net 4.2,    MioMap CE Version
1.0,    Navigon Personal Navigator 4.2,  
  MP3 .
        
  1350  ,      4,3 ,
       21 ,     
 2,5 .   138  72~78  26 ,   232 .
 16.
GPS tracking 
Trimble        
       
     TrimTrac(tm).  
 209 210 
,    ,  TrimTrac  
   ,   
        
      .
  2 5      
,  TrimTrac      
        
 .        
         
,    .
 TrimTrac       
   ,   4    AA.
         100 
 .      GPS    
 GSM ,      
.        
       . 
TrimTrac ,   15  , 
     ,    
   .    
 ,      .  ,  
         
 .
 TrimTrac        
         .     
         
,        
.  GPS  TrimTrac   
    ,   GPS   
.        , 
     .
 TrimTrac   GPS  GSM   
       
     .  
GPS          
  ,    
     ,   GPS  
   .
TrimTrac      GSM: 900,
1800 (DCS)  1900  (PCS).      
     ,    
        SMS  
   GSM.
 Trimble TrimTrac    90   4  
  AA        .
       
  ,      .
 ,        
,  TrimTrac         
  .   
        
 .        
    ,       
.  ,      
   ,  TrimTrac 
  ,      
    .
 ,    TrimTrac 
       
,  . , TrimTrac 
         
        
      .     
  , ,   
          
,      
.
 17.
GPS? Holux GPSlim236
GPS  Holux GPSlim236    
   ,     
  .  ,    
      GPS   
   SiRF StarIII,    
      20 , 
      .
 211 212 
 ,        
:     (Bluetooth,  Serial
Port Profile, SPP)   (GPS mouse),  
   ,     
  GPS        , 
,    ..
 Holux GPSlim236      
  850  ,      
 10 .   46,3 x 67 x 19 .
 18.
GSM/GPS? Benefon ESC
           
 ,       .  
 : ,        
 .       ,    
.  :  .   ,   
  .   ,       
         Benefon
ESC.
    ,      
,       GPS     
.  ,      
      .
,  ,         
 ,      :     
 ,   GPS ,    
  Find Friend, ,    SMS ,
     ,   ,   .  
      , 
   (GPS     
       ),  .
  , ESC      
,      .  
     GPS , 
 ,  ,   ,   
 ,     
,    .   
 GPS .    ,    
,           
 GSM 
    Benefon.     
,   ,        Nokia
6210.         
    ,  160 .
, ,      ,
   ,      T9. 
    ,      
     (,    
  :     ).   
       
    ,     

   9:         
 .        
,         
 .     SMS    , 
   . ,    ,  
        
  .
        
  PDA.      ,     
  .     (   
,  ,        
).
 213 214 
    Internet ,    
WAP
     , ,   
   ,    
.     , ,    
  ,  ,  
        
 .     .   ESC   
     (    
       ).   
 ,       
ESC  .   ,  ,  
    ESC,     
           
.    ,  ,  , 
    (     
         
).
  Benefon ESC    GPS 
.   GPS ,  
(   ,     
  ,       
  ..)     .    
      ( , ,
  ).
   ,     
.    ,     .
   ,  ESC    GPS  
      .  ?   , 
 ESC         
 GPS (  ,      
),       .      
     .      
       (  
   ).    
     ESC,   
    .
        
      Benewin Pro  
   COM .     
,    Benefon, ,      , 
      .
      
,     .   
       
      .      
        .
             
.
     .     
 .       ,   
       . 
      . , 
  5   SMS     
  .
  , ,      
   ,      
   ,      .   ,  
,   .     
      ,   
  .
,    GPS,    
   ,      
 AGPS.     GPS ,     
        SMS.
  ,      
,        
:   .   
   ,       
      ESC (
 , Benefon Track).  ,     
,     , , 
       SMS.
,   ,      ?
    .     
   ,  ,  
.   ,   , GPS   
     ,       
    ,  
  NavStar (    GPS).  
,         
 .
 215 216 
 19.
GSM/GPS? Garmin NavTalk
          GPS/
GSM ,     Benefon    
Garmin.        
GPS ,   ,    
 GPS ,  GSM  (,  Benefon
        ,   
   ).
 NavTalk     
  ,   . Benefon ESC!, 
,       .  
     GPS .
 NavTalk      
   GPS  .    
   ,     
Ericsson.
  GPS     
   .    
  ,      .   Benefon ESC!
 Track     ,       
    ,    90.    
    ,       
.  Garmin NavTalk  . ,   GPS 
    ,  .   ,   
 ,    .  
     ,  ,   
,        .    
        
    .    
  ,      
.     NavTalk   
,       .
    .   
  ,       ( one
 nine).       
.
    Garmin    ,    
    ( MapSource).   ,
  ESC!     2    
,  NavTalk   16   ,    
       . 
MapSource        
   ,        
    ( ,     , 
, ,    )   
,       
 .  ,     
         ,   
    
 217 218 
 NavTalk      
   GPS  .    
   ,     
Ericsson.
    Garmin    ,    
    ( MapSource).   ,
  ESC!     2    
,  NavTalk   16   ,    
       . 
MapSource        
   ,        
    ( ,     , 
, ,    )   
,       
 .  ,     
         ,   
    .
     , 
MapSource,    ,  Nav 
Talk.  ,  Garmin     
( GPS  Garmin   ), 
   ,      
 .   ,       
      . 
,   Map Source    ,   
    .    
        
      
(,   ,    ,  
 ,        
,  ,   !).
    Garmin   Palm Inc.  
  PalmOS.      ,
     PDA,       
. , Garmin   ,   
 ,   PalmOS.   ,   
  GUI NavTalk    e Map, e Trex 
  .        
      , 
     .
   ,      
.     ,   
(  ESC!),     (    
 Siemens).  ,         
, ,   , cell message  (?)
.
   ,   , 
           
. ,    ,    
.  ,      
 ,    .  , 
,     SMS,   7 
.
         
             
     .  ,     
   ,     
   , ,     
 .    ,   
     , 
  ,     .
Phone
?  .   
 ,    10   
. ,       
.  ,  ,  
 ,       
        
 (     ).  , 
 ,  ,    .
? .   : , ,
,       
.
? .    (  
), , , ,
.  ,   :  
  ,     
   .
? . ,    
WAP,   HTML. ,  GPRS 
 219 220 
 ,   ,    
.
 Settings
  ,      (
,  , , ),  ,   
 eTrex   (  ,  ,  
    . .).
 PDA
,  PDA     ,  
:
?    .
?  ,  ,   
  .
? .       
.    
     T9  , 
  .
?     .   
   ,   
   .
? .      (!)   (!!!). 
,       
(     !).
 GPS
?        ,
,      
 .
? .   , , ,  eTrex Vista (.
www.ferra.ru/online/mobilis/12692).
?  ,  
, ,     
 .
?   , ,   
   .
  ,   GPS .  ,  
    ,  ,   
 ,       
,       .
           
 ( ,       ).  
 menu      ( 
   , ,   ).  clr 
  Escape  Backspace.      
,      ,    
,    , / 
 GPS ,   .
       .  GPS
 ,       , 3 4
.       
,    8   (  
 ,        1000 1200 ).  
    Benefona ESC!.
,        
 ?        
ESC! ,     . ,   
  .        
      
  SMS.       
  SMS      
  GSM+GPS. , Garmin ,  
  ,     
    .
 ,  ,       
      ,  T9.  
     .
 221 222 
   GPRS     
  GSM/GPS Benefon ESC!.    must have 
    .     
  ,      
     .  , 
     BlueTooth ,     
 .   GPRS,  Bluetooth  IrDA     
  .
  ,      
    SD , ,    .
       
   . , Garmin   
      . , 
       
   .
NavTalk       GPS/GSM, 
,       
,   :  ?
 20.
GSM? SONY CMD?J7/J70
    ? .   
.  ,        .
     (     
    ),    (  
),    ,   ,   
  ,        
,       ?
   ,   ,    ... 500
   ? , ,   100  SIM 
    ...  ,     
 ?  ?      
      ...   ,
 ?       ,   
... Bluetooth, GPRS, 50  ,    
  ? ,   !    ,   
   .    ,   .
   ,       
         .  ,
      ,     ,  
       SONY.
       
        ,    
 (, , ...     ,   
 J7 ). ,       
,      .
       
        ,    
. ,      ,    
 .
   , , ,  Siemens S35,  SONY  
    ,     
 Siemens .   J7     
      .  J70 
    .  ,  
    ,      .
    ,    
  .
       
,        
     ,     .
 223 224 
    (Jog Dial)    
     .     
   .     
     (      
,     110 240    50
 60 ).
 21.
BT?308 Bluetooth GPS
BT 308   12  GPS   Bluetooth  
    ,    
 .      
  SiRF star IIe/LP   
  ,      
  .
BT 308    , ,
Tablet PC,      Bluetooth .
 22.
EM?401
 GPS  EM 401     GPS  
: OEM, ODM,  .     
     GPS     GPS
.
 SiRF Str IIe/LP.  
 12   GPS 
All in Viw.
 :   
     .
       .
    .
    GPS .
     NA 0183.
2     GPS  DGPS  (
RTCM 104).
 225 226 
   80  (  ).
 .    .
  ,    TL.
: 41 x 41 x 13 .
 23.
ER?102
 GPS  ER 102     GPS  
: OEM, ODM,  .     
     GPS     GPS
.
 SiRF Str IIe/LP.  
 12   GPS 
All in Viw.
 :   
     .
       .
    .
    GPS .
   SuprCp, 
        
 .
     NA 0183.
2     GPS  DGPS  (
RTCM 104).
  : S.
  ,   RS 232 (ER 102).
: 71 x 41 x 9 .
 24.
SD?501 SDIO GPS?
SD 501    GPS    
 SDIO    .
     SDIO ( Bsquare SDIO
NOW!)    Pocket PC 2002/2003, Win CE, Win CE.Net,
WM2003, WM2003SE.
 227 228 
:
? : SDIO;
?  SiRF Star II/X Trac  
 (90    );
? 12  , All in View;
?    ;
?    (  5 , 
MMCX,  );
?  SuperCap    
  ;
?  : Pocket PC 2002/2003, Win CE, Win
CE.Net, WM2003, WM2003SE;
?       
  0  180;
?    
,      WLAN.
 
 
 25.
VESTA 350
 Vesta 350   ,  GPS  
.           
 ,       
       
     ,  
   .
 229 230 
  GPS
   12  
     145 dBm
    7 
  75 mA/3.3 V
   NMEA 0183
 26.
iFinder
, ,  ,  12  GPS\
WAAS    \    
  MMC  SD.
,     160120
,    ,     
  MMC  SD, MapCreate CD    
 ,   99 /1000  /1000 , 10
  (track log, trail)  10 000  , 37 
 ,      
    .
 27.
Garmin GPSmap 76S
Garmin     GPS , , 
       
.       
     .     
       GPSmap 76S,  
 ,       
,      .
   .      
,     ,  
      (    
).  ,       
,        Garmin,  
,  ,     . , 
      
     . , 76S  
   COM,     
   USB,   , ,  GPS  
     ,     
  .        
       76S
      ,    ,
    .
 231 232 
   .      
,     ,  
      (    
).  ,       
,        Garmin,  
,  ,     . , 
      
     . , 76S  
   COM,     
   USB,   , ,  GPS  
     ,     
  .      
       76S
      ,    ,
    .
Garmin GPSmap 76S     
:     . ,   
         
   ,   ,    76S
  ,      .  , , ,
,     . 
         
   ,  ,   ,  
    .        
   ,      
  .        
 ,   ,    
   .      
,   ,      ,
..   .    
  IPX7  :  
      30    1 .  
   ,    .  ,
 76S   : ,   . 
      :     
.
    ,    
       ,    
 (        
   :    
 ).     
      :    
    ,    
 ,    .
  ,   ,    
     :   Magellan
      . , 
           ,
     .    
      GPS  
  ,     
76S .
       
    .    
    ,      
 ,      76S  . 
    ,     
   .      ,
  ,         
 . ,       
,     ,
     GPSmap 76,   
       .
 233 234 
      76S 
  1600  .    
        
   (10 ),      (16 ),
     (8:43).      
,         
   ,       
 .  ,      
  (,   AA  ,  
   ).
Garmin GPSmap 76S       
: , ,    .
      , 
    ,      
,     ,   Garmin GPSmap 76S
    ,   
   .
 28.
GPSMAP 276
GPSMAP 276   GPS   12   
    , 
  (WAAS).    
 ,      
.    320  480 ,  
   . GPSMAP 276C  
 .
      
  Garmin BlueChart.   , 
         
  .  ,  
    GPSMAP 276C  .  
 235 236 
        
.
 
?   3000 ,  
   , 10  
(  )
?  15  , 
  10000   ,  
 MOB (  )   TracBack
(  )
?  .    
    ,    

?  .  , 
,     , 
 ( ), 
 ,  
?    ,   
,     ,   
     
? .    
      
?    100  
?  .  (/),
UTM/UPS, Maidenhead, MGRS, Loran TD  
  ,   

 
?  : 12   
    12  
   .    
 
?    :  15
 ( );  45 
( );  2   
AutoLocate
?    1/, 
?   :  5  ( 95%
)
?  :     0,05
/
?     
(USCG)  : 35  ( 95%
)
?      (WAAS)
 :  3  ( 95% )
? :    6g
?  RS 232  NMEA 0183, RTCM 104 DGPS
     Garmin
? :  
?    DGPS USCG 
WAAS
 
?  8,1  14,5  4,8  (    )
?  1,5  (680 )  
?  5,8  7,7 ,  320  480 ,
,  
?  ,  ,
   IEC 529 IPX7
?     15  +70
?   : 
,    
 
?    ,  ,
,     , ,
.    
        
 
 237 238 
?  :   
,   8  (   ) 
    MapSource
 29.
  Benefon Track Box
 , GPS/GSM    
  ,     
 .      
      . 
        
    .
 , ,      
      ,   
   ,      
 .      
 GSM ,      
     . ,  
,  ,     .
       
(    ).    
      . 
?   :       , 
           
    .
 ,       
       
      .    
   ,    (  
,      ).   
       
     ,    .   
,         
,        
 .
     ,
        Track Pro  
  GPS  GSM    . 
:        
  ? Benefon   :    
        .  
.
      
  .  ,    
  :   ,    
    (,     
      ),    
    (    ),   
     , ,
     .    
   TrackBox    
 BeneWin Pro,      GSM .
  ,  .  GPRS  
,    , 
  . ,      ,
       .
Box    ,        .
         
,         
.       
   ,      
       .
 239 240 
 6.

GPS?
         
        
      .  GPS  
        ,   
      ! 
    Garmin    
  ,     
  .  StreetPilot III  GPSMAP 176C 
 ,        .  
 ,     Garmin   
        (   )   
  .
 1.
GARMIN QUEST
Quest   ,     
Garmin.       
,       (    
)    .     
Garmin iQue.
       
    ,       
 ,    .   256   
 ,      . Quest
        
253        Garmin USB  
    .   
     . 
       
    .
    Quest   Li 
Ion ,     20 . 
        
 GPS .
 ,   iQue       
IPX7 (        1   30 ).
      , 
       
 .  ,     MapSource City Select
Europe CD      
       
.
 :    Garmin Quest
 253  ,     115 .
 2.
GARMIN STREETPILOT 2610 (256  CF)
  GPS   StreetPilot  
   ,  
  Garmin    .   ( 
  )  ,    
   ( ,  
),     CompactFlash   
 ,      USB,  
    ,        
    .
 GPS? 241 242  GPS?
 3.
GARMIN STREETPILOT III Deluxe
StreetPilot III    Street Pilot  StreetPilot
ColorMap,    GPS  
    .  StreetPilot III 
,     16     
,       
     .
      ,  
 , StreetPilot III    
 ,    .  
         
,    ,  StreetPilot    
       .
  ,      
        . !
   GPS ,      
 GPS  JJ Connect!
 GPS? 243 244  GPS?
StreetPilot III      
     ,    
   .  , 
         
         
.   , StreetPilot   ,
    ,    
 ,          
  .
  StreetPilot III ,     
 128  (  32 )  MapSource City Navigator CD,  
   ,   1    
StreetPilot III.
 7.

 1.
    ?
         
      ,  ,  
,         
.
      .
  ,       
 ,     ,      
     ,  , ,     
     . ,  
,   ,     .  
 !
    ,  ,  
, ,  :   , ,   , ,
   . ,       
    ,    ,   ,  
 ,     .
       
  ,        
    ,     
 ,   ,     
,        
  ,    .
     
    ,  Garmin, Humminbird,
Eagle, Lowrence, Raytheon, Furuno, Bottomline,  .  
     ,     
    .    ,
 ,    ,     
   Garmin, Humminbird  Eagle,  
 GPS? 245 246 
         
      .
 ,    , 
      (    
    ,    
          
 , ,   .   , 
     .
       ,  
      ,  , 
 ,    ,   
     .
  ,        
 .      ,   ,    
   ,      .
   ,   
,      GPS,   
        , 
   ,       
  .
 ,         
 ,   , ,    ,   . 
   ,      
       .  ,    
      (, , 
    ),  ,     
        
.
        
   ,     
.  ,   ,   
     .  ,
      ,  
       , ,     
     .
 2.
    
  
,  (sonar)    SOund NAvigation and
Ranging.      40  ,    
          
 .  1957   Lowrance    
      .
   , ,   .
   ( )      
 :    , 
        . (  ,
     ,  ).
     (, ,  )
  ,       
.
        
.       
.
     ,
        
  .       
.
 247 248 
    
Sensitivity ()
    
.      ,  
 . ,    
 .  ,    
       ,    . 
       .
   ,      
   (Auto Sensitivity Mode),   
    (Manual Sensitivity Mode).
     ,     
.         
        
  ()  . 
    ,      
   ,       
  ,     .  
       , 
     .   
      
,     .     
   ,   
,   ,    
 .      
  ()     ().   
    ,       
      .
ASP (Advanced Signal Processing)
 ASP      . 
   ,      
        
 .  ASP    
.   ,     
.      ,
  ,  ,   ,  
         . 
       
 .  ,    ASP  OFF (),
LOW (), MEDIUM ()  HIGH ().  
,     ASP.    
        .
 ,      ASP.  , 
     ASP.     
      ,     
 ASP.
ALARM   
   .      
 (FISH ALARM),  ,   FISH ID   
     .       
  (ZONE ALARM),  ,    ,
   ,   
.   ,    (DEPTH ALARM). 
    (Shallow)   (Deep).    
     .  ,    
       .
CHART SPEED    
        
.     :   
       .  
,       ,
        .    
  .     ,   
     ,    
50%.     ,    ,   
       .   
     ,    
  .
DEPTH CURSOR  ? 
         
     ,     
,    .   ,  
  ,    ,   
 .
FasTrack
        
      .   
 ,        
     .    
 ,      .    , 
 249 250 
        
. FasTrack        
 .        .
FISH ID   
 FISH ID ,    
,   .    
    , ,   .
       . 
 ,    .  
  ,     .  
  .  ,    
    ,     
    ,    ,  
,  ..     ,  
    .     
 (,  ,  , .).  
       ,  
 .       ,   
 ;   .   ,    
  ,   .   ,  FISH ID   
? , FISH ID         
      .     
   ,   .
FISH TRACK    
   FISH TRACK  
 ,    .    
     FISH ID.   
FISH TRACK .
FishReveal   
        
 (   , ,   .),   
   .     (  
  FishReveal)     
,      .     
  ,     
 .     ,    ,
, , ,  .   ,
 ,   .  FishReveal     
 (Normal)   (Inverted).   Fish 
Reveal      ,    
 .         
   .     
    .    FishReveal 
    AutoSensitivity ( 
  )    
 (Sensitivity).
GRAYLINE   
       .
   ,    ,   
 .       .  
, , ,      ,  
   ,  .    
,     .     
  ,   ,   ,  
  .       ,  
  .     .  
      .
Ping Speed & HyperScroll     
  
 Ping Speed  ,      
       .    
  50%.        
  ,      
   .   ,  
     ,     
,    HyperScroll.  
 Ping Speed  50%     HyperScroll.
       
  .
         
   .     HyperScrol 
     
 .     
         . 
   ,       
.
   HyperScrol    
  .
 251 252 
 3.
  
   , ,    
,      .  ,   
,       ,  , ,  
          ,    
      .
      ,   ,  
       ,  
  .
   ,  ,   . 
       :
?  
?   ()
?  
?     
?  
? 
      
         
.  ,       ,   
        
 , ,    .
       
   ,  
      .     
 ,   ,    
      .
         
 ,     .
    , ..   
   ()    ,   
          
 .
      
       ,   
.
        ().  
,       , ,  
    .
    .
 ,  ,     
    .  :    
    .
      ,
     : RMS ()  .
    (    !!!). 
        
,        . 
    ,    .     
      .
  ,   , .     
 ,       .  
    ,    , 
()    ,     
       
 . ,    ,  
        
     . 
    ,   
 253 254 
 ,      
,       .
 ()        
     .   
         
  .   ,    
  ( 3db),     ,    
     .      
   .       
    0,1  ( 10db).
      , 
    ,    
   .    ,   
 .  ,     ..  ,  
    ,     
,    . ..     
 ,      ,   
    .     
        , ,
     
.
..       
,          
   .       
 ,     ,   
      .  
        
.         
  .
..    ,      
,  ,   , 
         
,    .  ,  ,  
     .  
,    ,      .
   ,      
  ,      .
  (      
    )   ,    
,       
 .      ,  128,   240  
  ,   ,   
           
,  ,  10 . ..       
 (1000 )     :   1000/
128=7,8 ;   1000/240=4,1 . ..    
         
7,8 ,      4,1       .  
    ,  ,    
  .           
         
 ,        .
          .
     ,      
,        ,   
     .      
       ,  
     ,     ,
     .
 ,          
, ..  .
 255 256 
,         
  ,    ,   
,        , 
   .    
   , ,   
  ,  ,     .
 4.
   
    .  
               
      .  (  )  
   ,        
   .            
  Lowrance      , 
   .
  50        
(diwing   ),    , 
     .  ,  
 , ,     90%   
  10%  .    
       .   
   ,      :
  ( , , ,  
 ), , ,    . 
           
(, , ).       
     .
         
 ,       ,  
      , ,  
,  ,      
   .     
       ,  
      .     
     ,   
 ,        .    
   , ,   
  ,       
,      .
     1957 ,    
          
 .  1959   Lowrance   
   (The Little Green Box),   
    .     
,        ,
   1984          
 1 . .
 1957      .    
       ,   
 Lowrance       .
 
,     ,  ()
        .
    ,      
 .     ,  
 (\),   .
     .   
     (   
    )   ,   
   .       
  ,       
 ,      .
 257 258 
       
 ,      
.        ( 1,5 \),
,         
 ,      .  
      .
      192 , 
    50 .      
  (   )    
   ,   ,     ,
    .
   ,     ,   
    .     
  ,     
 ,       
.    , ,   ,  
,         
       .
 
  ,   :
?   
?  
?  
?      
     .   
         
     .
       
         
 .         
 , ,    .
       
 .
        
       ,
 ,      
.
         
 ,     .
    , ..   
   ,      
,          .   
         
 ,   .
  
  ()  Lowrance  
Eagle     192     
 50 .
         ,    
          
192    .      
,             
 ,  ,          
 .   192     
, ..        ,   
         ,    
.
     ,     50
.  ,  ,    50 
(        ),   
 ,     192 .     
     , 
 .
      , 
 .   50       
  .
       50
 ,   ,    192 .  
         ,  
      .
Fishfinder: , , ...
..., ,      .     
  ?    ?     
     .   ,   
     ,       
 259 260 
  . ,      
, ...
      
Fishfinder ,    .
  ,   ,   
    .    
      
 ,        ,
   ,    .
       
 . ,   ,  
     ,       
    . , ,  .  
,   ,  ,   
        
    ?       
      ,   ,     
  ?    , ,  ,
     .
       
 .         
        .     
  ,       
.         .   
 .       ,    
?
        
     1870   .  1909   
  ,      
  .       
,       
.       ,  
  .  1930   
    752,   
       .  
     ,   
   .     
      
 ,  1937    753 ,    
 ,       
 .
      
      .   
    ,     
    .
        
MS3          
,    ,     
 .      
    .  , 
  ,      
,     .    
  ,    ,     
        .
       
      ,   
 .     
,   Raytheon  Lowrance   
     Apelco  Eagle   
.        
        
  .        
  Furuno  Koden. ,    
      , 
       , ..  
         ,  
    .    
 ,       ,
 ,     
      .
       
   ,        
,     . ,   
,            
      .
     
 .   80    Lowrance 
    X15.      
      ,
         .
 261 262 
     
         : 
        LCD .
Apelco XCD600   Raytheon,    
     .    
 ZOOM    ,  
      
  .    Lowrance (X35), Furuno
(LS6000), Humminbird (LCR400)     
  LCD .   80   Humminbird   
   TCR     
. ,         
       .    
   ,    
     ,     
   ,     
      .   
        
.    Koden  Furuno   
       
.        
        .
       . 
Koden         
 .      
   ,        
      . 
     ,      
        
  .
     LCD   
        
 ,    .     
        
.       
  ,       
  ,  , ,   
         5 10 . 
,          
   .    
       
     LCD .
 5.
     
         
 .         
      ,    
,  ,  .    
   :          
 .   .      
  ,      
    .    
   .

 ( . cavitas  ),   
 ( ,  ),  ,
   .       
   ,       
   ( ),    
      
  ( ).    
          
,   ,     
 .     ,  
,    .
     ,    
.         
,    ,    
   ,       
.       :   
 ,  ,     
  ..     ,       
  .     , 
         
.   ,     
 .
  ,      ,   
  ,   ,   ,   
    .      
        . , ,
 .     ,    
 263 264 
    ,        
         
,    .       
    ,    , 
 .
   
  ,      
  , . .   ,   
,      .
   ,     , 
          
.
      ,  
         
.       
   ,   ,     
       .
C   ,    
 .     .
        .
  .
 265 266 
  ,     ,  .
,  ,      ,
      .
       
 ,     :
        
   .    . 
    ,     
 ,     .  99% 
  .        
  .
    ,      
 .
 INTERPHASE
,   ,     ,
  Interphase  ,  
       ,     .
        ,
    ,    
 ,    ,   ,  
 .
Interphase  ,   14 ,  
   ,  :  
  Loran C,   GPS  
 (   Rockwell Int.),     
 ,    , , 
      .
Interphase      
 ,       
   ,     .
     
  .
  
   ,   
    ,    
 .     
      
,         
    ,        
  ( ) .  ,
,      
 ,     .   
    ,  
  .    .
C 
      
 .        
 , ,       .  
       .
       Interphase.
 
          
   .       
    ,         
   90.       ,  
     20   .   
    , ,     
      .   
     
.
 
          
.     ,     
       12.   
 :
 267 268 
?    
     3 
?       
  
?     12
?      
  60 
  
  ,  Interphase, 
   . ,  
  ,     Interphase   
        
, ,    OUTLOOK.  TWINSCOPE 
    Interphase.   
      
  .
    
        
?    Interphase  PC/View
 PC/180      
 .    ,     SVGA 
       ,   
     .     
 Interphase!
    
    Chart Master  
 Interphase     ,    
    GPS.      
 ,       
  VGA TFT .   ,
    Chart Master     
       
 . ,    ,   
:  Chart Master      , 
   .       
       (       
).        Interphase  
          
  !
Interphase      ,  
       
 .      
 , Interphase     
.       , 
 Interphase         
.
 6.
HUMMINBIRD MATRIX 47 3D
 6     Matrix    
 ,    Humminbird Wide 3D
Paramount. Matrix 47 3D      ,
      .
 269 270 
Matrix          
 !
:
?    (53),   
 (3D)  ;
?    ;
?   Matrix 47 3D  6 
 16  ( 11  );
?     
  Wide 3D Vision, 3D Vista  Wide
3D Paramount;
?  ,    (2D)
,    ;
?    Sonar Echo
Enhancement Technology   
    12      6,5
   ;
?      ;
?   /     
;
?  ,   ;
?   Zoom: 2, 4, 6, 8x ;
?  Accelerated Real Time Sonar, 
  40   ;
?   ,  ,  
     
 ( );
?      
     ;
?     : WhiteLine,
Clear Edge Inverse Grayscale, Bottom Black  Structure ID;
?      
;
?   ;
?     ;
?      
();
?    ID+;
?     ;
?      (Fish Alarm);
?       (Depth
Alarm);
?     (Battery Alarm).
 7.
HUMMINBIRD PiranhaMAX 15
   Humminbird.     
 ,      ,   
    .
   Piranha    Hummin 
bird ,   Fish ID + (  ),
Structure ID (  ), Zoom (), Bottom
Black View (    ).  Humminbird
Piranha   LCD       
,     .   
        .
 271 272 
PiranhaMAX      ,   
       .
 8.
HUMMINBIRD SmartCast RF10
 Smartcast         
.             
         
     ,    
  !
 Humminbird     
 RF 40,       RF 10   
     .   RF 40   
             
.     RF 40 B    
  .
   Smartcast    
 WetSwitch,      2 ,  
      ,     
.       .
 
 :        
         ,     
,        .
:      .   
         ,    
    .
 273 274 
 9.
Humminbird Fishfinder 515
Fishfinder 515       Fishfinder's 
Humminbird.        
Accelerated Real Time Sonar,    40    
,        
  .
 10.
HUMMINBIRD MATRIX 10
          
 Matrix  Humminbird,    
SmartCast.
   MATRIX   Whiteline,
Bottom Black, Structure ID,      
  ,        
       .
 Zoom     2, 4, 6   8 !
  Matrix     
   100 /.
 275 276 
 11.
BOTTOM LINE Fishin' Buddy 1200
       , ,  
         ,  
      ,     Fishin'
Buddy Bottom Line.     ,   
         ,   
         . 
 ,       2,3 ,   
    40   3    ѻ.
         
 . ,     .  
         
    , , ,      
 .
 Fishin' Buddy      Sidefin 
der,    ,       
        .  
 ,         ,   Fishin'
Buddy    , ,      ,  
 .    ,     
.
?     
 ,  
   ;
?   40   3    ѻ;
?     ,  
  2,3 ;
?     Supertwist 
 128  ( )  64 
( );
?    
  ,   ( ,
,    ..);
?     
   .
 12.
BOTTOM LINE Tournament Leader 1100
       Tournament
Leader.
 277 278 
        
      
        
.
 13.
INTERPHASE TWINSCOPE COLOR TM
  Interphase!     
Twinscope    (16 ) ,    
    .    .
 14.
INTERPHASE OUTLOOK TM
    .
    Probe,   Interphase Outlook
         
  ,     .
    ,  
    ,   
  ,   Probe,  
,        
.
?      600  (180
)    
?     
400  (120 )
?   
?     
    
?     .
 14.
INTERPHASE TWINSCOPE TM
      Probe  Sea Scout.
 Interphase Twinscope     
   Probe   
 Sea Scout,          
     .
?      
  1200  (360 )   
 
 279 280 
?     
   1200  (360 )  
  
?     () 
   0  800  (0 240 )
?     NMEA 
?      
 
?      
  .
 15.
FF2112
  RF40A    ,  
      Humminbird 
SmartCast.
      A   .
         ,
   RF40B   B.
 RF40:
?       90 
?  
?     : 400 
?  Wet Switch,   
,  ,     

?  : 33 
?  : 115 
 16.
Raymarine DS500x
        
  HDFI (High Definition Fish Imaging Technology).
? , ,     ,
 320 x 240  (x),  101 x 75 ,
 5 .
?    16/65, 200/50 .
?   500  (), 
 600 .
?   GPS .
?       
.
 281 282 
?    
()  .
?        IPX7.
?    Raymarine  A.
?     HDFI,
  220    .
?       
 .
?  ,  , 
,  .
?   : ,
,   , SOG, COG, TTG  
(  GPS   
NMEA 0183).
?    .
?      2x, 3x  4x, 
  ,   
 .
?   HDFI  Raymarine.
?    .
?       .
 17.
   
FLS Silver, FLS Gold  FLS II
  FLS     
,     , 
  Echopilot.   FLS    
    ,     
,        
.
       .  
     ,  
        .
     ,     
     ,    ,   (
   )      
.          
  .
         
.    (   
)  20    10   .  
 150    75    (  FLS II  200   100 ,  
).       
 (  FLS II  ).
     
          
.    ,      
      .  
      ,
     (,   
     ),   
        .
        
 .      , 
     .     
        .
 ,     ,      
 .    ,  Echopilot    
      2,4, 6  8  
     150   .   
       
   .     
,    (  FLS II   
 ,        
.).
        
 ,    FLS    
     .    
     ,     
FLS Silver  FLS Golg    6 ,   
      . 
       ,     
  .
 283 284 
  FLS II       
 ,      ( 
 ).
  FLS Gold     
,      ,    
  GPS .     
,        
. FLS Gold     
 NMEA 0183,      
    .

      ,  
  .       
    ,     .
        
   76 ,        
.        
25         .
       
  ,     , ,  
 ,      .
   ,    
  .       
         
.  ,   ,   
    ,    
    (,     
        
,      ).
           
  ,    .
         :  
      ,     
,         ,  
.     Echopilot    
 150 ,         200 ,
     .   Bro 
okes & Gatehouse   183       
  Echopilot FLS.   Raytheon  
 200  , ,     
Echopilot FLS.
  Echopilot FLS      ,  
   200 ,      
 .   ,    
.
    ,    
     .     
   EchoPilot   
       (FLS).   
      
  .     
     , 
  10    .   
   FLS   
        
   .    FLS   100 000
      ,   
    .     
,       
 285 286 
  EchoPilot.       
,         .
     FLS   
          
.      ,   
   ,  (   )
    .      
 ,         .
    
 FLS?
      (      
),  FLS        
35    .   
 89 ,      .     
 ,    .     
  ,       
    100150 .
  ?
       15. 
   FLS   
  90, . .        
 .       ,  
         
 ,    .
   ?
, ,     
4 ,           
  ( )    
.          
  , ..    100 ,  
         
 .
  FLS   
  ?
,      .   
    360,  , ,  
   .
    FLS ?
,      .    
  .     
       45,   FLS
     
  .
   FLS    
?
       
,      .  
       
 . ,         
,     ,   
    .
      ?
,     ,    
  ,    .      
  .   ,      
 ,    ,   .
     ,   
    .    
   ,    
( ,    . .).   
     ,      10.
      
?
  ,       
          
.  ,  ,     
    .
   ?
  ,       
.        : 
   .     
     ,      
  ,      
 287 288 
       76 ,   
        28 .
     
 ?
        .
    ?
.     12 .    
        
 16  (  ). ,     
  .      16 
   ,   ,
          
 100 .
     ?
 FLS        
 .            
 ,         
  ,         .
  FLS Silver?
 FLS Silver    ,    
      .    
  ,        
   205 x 125     25 ,   
         . 
Silver    ,    
       150 ,   
    33 .    ,
     ,  
         
.
     ,  
      ( ,    
),    .     
.

14  1919    (John Alcock)  
 (Arthur Brown)   Vimy 
    .   ,
   ,    
     ,  
  .   16   
       
        
   .    , 
 1998,     
,  The Insitu Group.    
 ,    .   
     
GPS.
  

     ?  .  
  ,    .  
,      ?    
       ,
   .
     ,        
? ,   ,    ,  
  ,     
Nintendo 64.
      
   Visteon ( Ford Motors),  
      
,   .
   :
? Visteon Voice Technology   
,    
    .
 289 290 
    
       
 .  2000    
   ,   
   ICES,
   Windows CE.  
ICES  , ,   
  .    ICES 
 .
? Reconfigurable Projected Image Display  
     
     Visteon 
  NavMate GPS.  
  ,    , 
 ,     
   .   
   .
? NavMate   GPS    ,
     . 
  ,   
. NavMate   .
? Rear Seat Entertainment System   
     , 
  .    , 
    ,  
   Nintendo  ,
     .
    1500.
?  (  ),   
.    
     
 .     
     Visteon
Voice Technology.
GPS  Palm
 ,      ,    
 GPS ,         .  
          
    :     
      ,   
  .    . 
    .      GPS  
  ,    66,     .
   ,    . 
      ,     
   GPS .         
 ,   ,     Palm.
   Palm a        .
  GPS        
, ,      ,      
    .   ,  
   Palm ,   ,    
  .      Garmin eTrex,    
       ,    
   GPS  Palm IIIx.    
Rand McNally Street Finder     StreetFinder.
   ,  ,  
 .
: ,      
...
?  GPS
?    
?   (       110V)
?       
?   
?  .     ( 
),          
  .    
  ,     
,    
?     
?  
     : Palm III connected
organizer not included.          
 Palm III    .
 291 292 
 ,  .
.     Palm e.   
  GPS .  .     
:    ,   ,  .
,      GPS   
,         . 
 ,    220 110
V. .   .    
    . .  .
, ... GPS    ,   
  .
  ,  .     
! No GPS satellites received   .  
 ,       .  
,  ! . You have 6 satellites.   
    . , .     .
      ,  
  .    .     
,   ,     .  
,   ,      
GPS Meter,   . , 
    GPS Meter  
StreetFinder,       .
      
 GPS      ,     
           
 ,       .   , 
   ,   . GPS
   8 . .      
,  ,  ,      
 .  ,   .   
          
. , !       , 
       .      
     .     ...
,  GPS?... 
!
        GPS  
 Suspend,  .         
 .   .     , 
  .      
,  . ,  .   
   .    , . 
.       GPS  
Suspend. ,     .    ,  ,
          ,  
 ,      . ,  
,    ,      .  
 .  .       
 ,   . , ,   ! ,   
  ,      , ,    ,  
   ,   ,      
.    ,  Palm     .
,    Palm  GPS
 ,  .  .  
. ,    .
         
       .  
      ,  Palm  

      GPS. , ,
, ,  ,     
  Palm III,   ,  ,  
  ?    GPS,   Palm V ( 
    ),   ?
        GPS  ?
    .    
   ,    
 .         
.       
 ,  ,      StreetFinder 
  .     110 V  ,    
        220 V.   
    120   9 .    
  :     ,  
      ,   
 .         
,    ,        
     
 293 294 
    
   StreetFinder     
,      .
,      ,  
       ,   
.  ?      
.
,   
          
 GPS Pilot,     Compass, Atlas, Tracker 
Fly.  ,    Windows   Topo 
grapher, Cartographer, TrackExporter.   , ,
  Fly (   ,  
.  ,  ,  ),  Compass (    
     )   
.
    Atlas   Tracker . 
  ,      ,   
 ,  Tracker      .
,     Track,    
   .   Atlas     
    ,    .
   Atlas,    Tracker
   ,       . 
  
      GPS  
  Palm .    NMEA.  ,   
 GPS      .     
   GPS not detected  ,   
 .   ,  NMEA,    
Companion.
   GPS   ,         
  ,   Menu ? GPS,    Input  
 No GPS.  Atlas  .   
Simulation.     Atlas    GPS
,        ,    
   .          
,   .    
  
     ,    .  
  Menu ? Option ? Preferences.
        
   , , .    .
    ,     
  , , ,   ( 
    ).  ,   
  .
   Stay on,    
   .
  .   .    
?! Tracker     .  : 
        ,     
   ,      
    ,     
 .    :
 295 296 
        
 .   www.gpspilot.com    GPS Pilot
Cartographer,      . 
  .   .      
 (,   ,  
)   .   300 DPI.  
 :    ACDSee,     .  
   1000892 pix,    500446,   
  200178.      1000.BMP,
500.BMP, 200.BMP     256.    
Cartographer
  Add     1000.BMP.  
Cartographer        
    ,    ,    
 ?    Palm IIIx  PalmOS 4.1,   :
 ,     
.  ʻ.      . 
      ,      
.       Atlas .
 297 298 
 (  ) ,  ʻ.   
 Add       
   .  : File ? Save As.  
1000.PDB.       500.BMP 
200.BMP.      PDB ,     
  Palm.  ? .  .  Palm
USB   Tracker     ,   
 : Menu ? Map ? List:
     1000.   
     .
      ,   
    : 0   , 1   
  ..
       . 
  ,    0.
       cut2560 0 (cut256 
     ,   ).
 ,    .      
,          .
     :     
     ,  
,    .    ,   
    ,   , ,
  ,   .
        .
,       ,     
.      ,       
 ,    . ,   ,
          ,
 .    ,      
 dom, pere1  pere2.
 . .   Menu ? Calibrate. Atlas
      .   
  ,       .
      .    
, ,      .  .
   .     ?
  .    (pere1).     
  .      ,  
 ,         ,  
 ,  .   ,     
 299 300 
.      ,   . 
 Menu ? Map ? List, ,    
,   .   ,   
 .
    .      
 ,     .
Menu ? GPS ? Details.      
,  .
 .      ,  
GPSPilot   Compass.      .  
Compass   .
   Menu ? Options ? Database.
 ,   ...    
  ,     .  
       ,   
New,       .   
,          , ,  
,  . ,       
     .
         .
     .    
.   Center.   ,    
  ,         
 .     ,   
 ,     ,    
,   New.      
   .  .   
  .     ,  
          , 
    .
? 1   .      
.
? 2    .    .
? 3    .
? 4        , , 
     ,  
  .
? 5       , 
,     
.    .
   :    
    .
 301 302 
     ,
   :   ,  
 Center,  ,   ,  
    ,     ,  
     Center,   .    
      Menu ?Edit. !  
 ?    ?!
      Palm :
? 1   .   ,  
    .    
  .
? 2  /   GPS.
? 3  / .
? 4   .  
    (  
  1  2)    (  
 ).      
  .  
,     
   .   
      
 ,  Atlas  .  
     .
     
1 ?   2 ? .
? 5    .   
 ,     .
      , 
,       
.
     Atlas   .  
Tracker...
       
,   Tracker    .
 Atlas       
   Track.
     .
? List   .    
.  ,   ,
       , 
 ,     
 303 304 
.     New track, 
  . , , 
      ,  
 New,       .
     , 
Details,       .  
?
? Record/Stop      ?
? Pause/Resume    / .
? Details        
.     
   .
? Delete   .
   ,   List, Details  Delete
          
   Atlas    Map   
Best fit ( ).       
 .     . 
  :      
  Set 'to'    .
       
   ,   ,   
     .   ,  
    ,   
:
? Details     .
? Replace    .
? Show/Hide  /   
 .   
   ,     , 
       .
, ,     Atlas .      
      .
     .  ,   
    . ,      
,   .    .    
  .  :   , 
  2 .          
,             
pere1.
 305 306 
 Tracker  Atlas    ,    
,      .     , 
    Atlas .        
.  Tracker    .  ,  
    ,   
  .
,    
   GPS Pilot    
     .        
  .   .     Palm   
 .        Cetus GPS 
NavCompanion  Magellan.
? Cetus GPS
?   
?  
?    
?    
?     
?    Palm 
?  
?   
?    (  ,    )
?     
  
?     
?        
Memo
?    ,    
     MemoPad.
      

?    . ,   
    .  
 Here,    
    .  
, ,     .  
[censored]     , 
    ,  ? 
          (Menu ?
Navi ? Set destination ? Here),    
 ,    . ?
!
    ,       
.    Cetus     ,  
    .    : Menu ?
Options ? Preferences.
? GPS serial port      .
  ,  GPS , 
    .
? Baudrate     .
 307 308 
? GPS init    .
? Satellite fix    .
? Local time     
  .
? Sync time      Palm 
 ,   .
? Stay on   Palm    .
? Show sat   .
? Show HDOP     ( 
  .   ,   
  .       . .
      
    2 3 ).
? Alarm sound     .
? Fix sound      .
     : Menu ?
Options ? Units    . .  
    .
  Cetus GPS    
  DateBook: Navigate ? Position ? Track ? GPS.
  .
      
 : , ,    ,
 DGPS,  .  Palm   
        : 
DGPS,   ?   ,  
 ?    ,    ?  
 ,   ?    
,   ? , .
       :
Menu ? Navi ? Preferences.
  Navigation:
? Fix loss delay     .
   ,    
 ,    .
? High precision    .
 309 310 
? Speed stats   .
? Altitude stats   .
  :
     ,   
 Average.     .  
         
 .       
 Average.     Save,  
,      .   
  ,     .
        ,  
       .
  Position  ( )  :
   DateBook,      
Position    menu ? Pos ? Preferences    
.   ?
? Save to        
Memo,    .
? Format as    : GPX (   
      ), Linefeed (
), Comma (), Tab ( ),
Semicolon (  ). ,  
     OziExplorer  
,   Excel    
  .
? Data          ,
   .
? Include       : 
 (Name),   (Text),  (Altitude),
   (Date & time),    (Satellites),
   (HDOP),  .
  
   .  Start,    
,   ,   :  
 (All positions),    (Movements),  
 (Every).
   ,       
 idle  ,  .    . 
  ,       (Tracking),  
,     (Time),       
,   ,  (Save),    
(File),    (Size),       
 (Memory).
 311 312 
 GPS:
     .     
, Cetus       ,
     ,  ,  ,
 ,   Palm ,     
 .
   ,    Cetus GPS.   
,       .     
  Flash. ,   
? NavCompanion
...,      .
   , Companion   
. ,   Cetus,     .    
    ,    .   
    Garmin GPS12. , :
 ,    .    
    .
        
.  ,  .       
    .
 313 314 
,   ,   : Menu ?
Options ?Preferences.    ,  
   ,      .  
    .      
    ,     ,
      .    
 Status.       GPS, 
      .
     ,  
         . ,  
   .     (,  ) 
  ,      .  
 ,   .    
 No fix       2D  3D, 
 ,  ,     
    .   !  
 /    .    
       
,          
  (3D).    ,     
   ( ,       
,   ,   ).  GPS  
     (2D),       
 .
 ,     ,  
 ,    3D.       
,   ,  ,   
.    Waypoints:
    (   .  
 ,      GPS').  New,   
    ,   ,   
    (      ). , Done
      Plot    
:
 315 316 
  ,   ,  ,   
      .  ( )  
   ,     
  ,   .
     .      
,   . ,     
?    .     TTG.
    .      ,   
  .
? Latitude  
? Longitude  
? Elevation     
? Heading    ( )
? Bearing      ( )
? Turn      ( )
? Speed  
? Avg speed   
? Max speed   
? ETA    
? Distance    
? Odo   
? Trip odo   
? Trip time   
? Last fix     
? Bat level        
(    )
? Bat max      Magellan GPS only
? Date       
? Time   
? UTC    ( )
? Blank    
   :    
 ,     . North up 
 ; Track up   ; Course up    
 .       Menu ? Plot ?
Recenter map.       
 .        Menu ? Plot ?
Enable/ Disable panning.    
 .    (Disable) ,  
 ,     .    
(Enable)       .
   Speed:
 ,    .  .
, ?!     !   
,         
  .       
  .  . ,   .  
 GPS,    Mercedes 290.   4 /.  
GPS 
 317 318 
 Nav2.      , 
  ,       .
 ,    ,    
   .     
 :    Routes,  New.   
      .      
  .       
 New.   ?  Done.  . , 
 Plot    Activate route,    
 ,       
   
      Routes:
.      ?    
, .    ...
  GPS
         NMEA Monitor 
TZ GPS.
NMEA Monitor
 ,    .   
   .      
 .  ,    GPS 
  ,      . 
  ,        
     ,     ,
  ,      (2D/3D), 
,   ,      
,     (     
 ), ,  .
TZ GPS
 .     
       .  
 
       ,
 ,       
     CetusGPS  NavCompanion.
         ,
 ,    .  ,
  ,    ,     
   Tracker, Atlas, CetusGPS (     
   ),     
.
Wi?Fi vs. GPS
    ,  GPS   
 , ..    .    
    Wi Fi.     
    Wi Fi   GPS   
       . 
 Wi Fi        
  ,   ,   
      Wi Fi,    
 GPS  .
 319 320 
   Place Lab   
     GPS.     
   20 30 ,   GPS     
  8 10 .      , 
  Wi Fi    GPS    
  .

      GPS:     
       GSP/GSM 
  ,      , 
  .
     InDoorGPS.  
          ,
 .       
  (     
     ),    
,      .    
  TrimTrack.    GPS 
    3       .
  ,         
      ?
,  ,  : 
  GPS    .
     (pseudolite=
pseudo+satellite, ).     
   L1 (1575.42 MHz)    / 
(,    ),    ,
     (PRN)  32,  
,        1  32.
    ,       
      GPS   
,    ,    
    .
    .      
,       
   ,      
       ,  .   
 ,      
(multipath).
       
    (      
  ),     
  (),   
  ,      ( 
 )       
  (  ).
?,   
Ozi?
       
    :
?   (    2,
  Track Master  ..).
?   (, , RussGPS,
  ).
         
,       ,
          
  OziExplorer (  , ).
  
       ( 
   ),   
   ,   .
 321 322 
,      
   ,     
.          
    ,   
    ,     
    .
       
       .
  ,   .     
     ( 
   )      
 (GSM ).  ,    
  .      
     ( , 
      
),   ,  , 
.
Ozi      , ,   
,        
(,        ).  
         
     ,      
    .
 
    ( Ozi based),   
      . 
       , ,    
    GSM,     
GSM      .
          
          
   ,   ,
.       
 .     
     (),    
 .    Internet  
        
.
 
      
   ,    .  
     ,     
 .   +GPRS    
   ,      
      .
 323 324 
      ,
   ,   
        
.
         
     .     
    ,     .  
       
,      .
C     
  ,       
  ,         
.
      ,
        .  
,           
  . ,    
 ,        , 
    .
  ( ?),  , 
       
,        . 
     ,    
        . ,  
        
,        
 .
        
   ,      
  . , 
        
       ( , 
,     Java).
 ,    ,    
 .         
 (       ,  
   ).
         
.     ,  
       
        
  .
      
        
  ,      
 (  )     
   .
    ,     
       Internet ,   
    .    50 150   
  ,      .  
,      
.
           
      OziExplorer.   
,       ,  Ozi
      (     ,   
   ).       
   .    200   1000 .
          
    .  
   1500  (  ),    
     1000 .      
    300   1000 .
  ,        
      .
     ,   
      .  
,         
     ,   
     
,       ,      
  ,     Internet  
      .
 ,  Internet    
,        ,
   ,     
.      911!
 325 326 
  , , ,     
         
  ?       
,         ? ,
     .   ,  
  ,     
         .
   GPS
  
,   ,  GPS 
        .
         
 100 . ,       ,
   2000 .  ,  
         
          ,  .
   ,     
        
.
 ,         
 .         
 .
,      
     ,    
      
 .    ,    
       15   16.02.95  . 
17.07.99     
 ,        
  ( )     
   .  
      
   5  1994 . N 643   ,  
        
   ( ) (
.  25  2000 .)    
( ),       
 .      
 ,    ,   
 (    3  1999 . N 896 
     
      ),     
   .       
 ,     
        
 ,    ,  
     .
     
 GPS .    
    (    
   ),     
,    ,     
     ,  
       .   
     ,   
,      
 ,  GPS    
.
       
      
.        
 ,    
      (   
  ()    ( 
),           
     
      28  1995 . N 01 13/4265 ( . 
24  1996 .)).      ,
     ,     
  GPS ,      
    (    5 
1994 . N 643   ,    
       
  ( ) ( .  25  2000 .)).
        
   ,    
    .   
,       
,      17  1994 . N
3658         ( 
 )       
 327 328 
    19  1999 . N 03 09/14485   
    (   14  2000 .).
        
    .    
 ,    
         
      (
   5  1994 . N 643   ,  
        
   (  
.  25  2000 .).
  GPS     
,        
    (    5
 1994 . N 643   ,     
        
  ( ) ( .  25  
 2000 .)),       
 (    17  1996 . N
832      
     .  25  2000 .).  
         
        
 ,     .  
     , 
      
    .
   GPS    
      .
    
      .
       
         
  (    5  1994 .
N 643   ,       
     
 (   .  25  2000 .)   
    ,     
    .
  ,    
,            ,  
     GPS .
     
     
 26  1999 . N 18       
       
   ( 
)    . ,  
  ,      
       .  
     GPS :
?    
;
?     
;
?    
 ;
?    
 ;
?    
 ;
?    
;
?      
,    
 ,   ;
?   :    
     
    
 ,  
     
  
     
   , 
  
  ( ,  
 329 330 
     
   );
?   :   
   , 
  
 ;
?      
     
    
     
 .
 ()    .
      
      .      
,   .
    ,
     ,  
       ,
   :
?  137       
   
       
 .
   ,  
      , 
         
    ,   
        
       
 .

 
        
    GPS,    .   
     3 .   
    (    
)  .
 () 
      
 GPS.     
    (    ).
Jeppesen
  .       
, VOR, NDB, , , FSS, ARTCC, MSA, SID/STAR,  
 .  Americas  ,    
 ,  , ,    .
 Atlantic  , ,    .  
 Pacific   ,    ,  
 ,  .      
28 .    : www.jeppesen.com.
Latitude (LAT)
.
Longtitude (LON)
.
Route
 ,       
  .
SA (Selective Availability)
       
     ,   
 GPS .     
     .    2000
.
 331 332 
WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System)
    ,   
  GPS. WAAS  FAA (Federal Aviation Administration)
       
. WAAS      
 3 .         
 .     : Euro
Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS).
GPS ,  WAAS: eTrex Venture, eTrex
Legend, eTrex Vista, GPS V, GPS 76, GPSMAP 76, GPSMAP 176/176C,
GPS 152, GPSMAP 182, GPSMAP 188 Sounder, GPSMAP 232, GPSMAP
238 Sounder, GPSMAP 295, GPSMAP 2006, GPSMAP 2010, GPS 17N,
GPSMAP 162, GPSMAP 168 Sounder.
C   ,
  GPS?
Coordinate ()
 ,     ()  
 .        (N  
, S   ), ..      
 ,   (E   , W    
), ..    ,    ( 
) .     UTM
(Universal Transverse Mercator) ,  
      .     
       
100.000 .     MGRS (Military
Grid Reference System),    UTM 
    .     
   GPS .
2?D and 3?D Coordinates (?  
)
      
  , ,   ,    
  .    GPS   
      .      
     ,    
     (,   ,   
).        .  
 GPS      (2 D  3 D).
Position Fix ( )
  GPS      
 ,  ,      
.      
,      ,    
   (  4   3 D ).
  GPS      
  (  ),   
     ( 
      )    
   .
Landmark or Waypoint (  
)
     ,  
     GPS .    
      ,      
,       .  
          
,      , , ,   
 .   GPS   
     (: 001, 002   ), 
     (: CAMP  ,
CAR ).
    GPS    
  , ,      
.        ,  
     ,      
   .
Route ()
   ,  
         
 ,     .   
         
   leg.  
      GPS .
 333 334 
    ,    
    .
     :
?      ,  
     
      
  .  
,      
 GPS    
  (   
  ).
?       
     , 
      
 ,    
 .      
   ,   
,      
.     
    
    ,   
   .
?       
 GPS   ,  
     .
  GPS   
       
   ,
    
( TRAKBACK   ).  
    ,
   .
Heading ( )
  GPS      
  ,      
  , ..     , ,
  . ,     
   , GPS    
       ,  
       (: 90 
  , 180   ).   GPS  
       
   ,   , 
     .
Bearing ()
      ,  
          
,  .  GPS   
 (  )     
.           
 ,    ,  HEADING ( 
 )   BEARING ().  
   270,      240,  
  30    .
Cold, Warm Start (,  )
     GPS ,     
,   GPS        
.        
   ,   ,   
  .      
 ,   5 15       ,  
        
    .      
 ,        
,         
      2 5 .    
 .       
      .
Page (, )
   GPS   
   ,  ,     
,        
,     
   ,  ,    
 .
  GPS   , 
     ,      
 ,      ,    
 335 336 
    .    5  
,     4      
 .
Position  
       
     ,        
,      (
  ,     ).
Pointer, compass  , 
         
          
 ,     
      .  
     
 (,      . .).    
      
 .
Plotter, map  , 
   ,    .
           
 .   ,  
          
.
Waypoint Discription   
       , 
        .  
       
  ( 16 ),   
        .

GSM
    .   
          
 .
GPS
   (   
   ).
  
    ,  
          
  (, GPS/GSM ).
 
      
       
 .
 
,       
      .
 
,       
            
 .
 
 ,     
      .
 
,     . 
   ,    
.
 337 338 

      GPS.  
     ,  ,
 .

     :    
.  ,    GPS   ,  
  .
 GSM 
,      
 GSM. , ,    .
 
  ,   ,
 ()    .

  .      
    .
 
   .
 
  (),    
.
   


1. Garmin 160 Blue
2. Garmin 100 Blue
3. Humminbird 150sx
4. Humminbird Piranha 4
5. Garmin 240 Blue

1. Garmin eTrex Legend
2. Garmin eTrex Vista
3. Garmin GPSMAP 76s
4. Garmin eTrex
5. Garmin GPS 72
 339 340 

 
 1. GPS     
 1.    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
 2.   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
 3.      . . . . . . .17
 4.   GPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
 5.  GPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
 6. GPS     . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
 7.   GPS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
 8.    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
 9.    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
 2.  
 1. MacCentre Pocket GPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
 2. PocketGPS Pro Moscow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
 3.  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
 4.    GPS  
  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
 5.  Psion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
 3.   
 1.   GPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
 2.    
   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
 3.     GPS  . . . . . .99
 4.   GPS  
   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
 5.     ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
 6.  GPS  
  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
 7.  GPS   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
 8.     
   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
 9.  GPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
 10.   GPS  . . . . . . . . . .160
 4.   
   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170
 5. 
 1.  GPS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
 2. Pocket Navigator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176
 3.    4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
 4. ROADINFORMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
 5.  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
 6. Roadinformer Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182
 7. Pocket Navigator PN 4700 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189
 8. Acer n35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
 9. Royaltek Bluetooth GPS mini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204
 10. Fortuna U2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205
 11. Pretec Bluetooth GPS mini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
 12. Fortuna PocketXtrack GPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
 13. Pretec CompactGPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207
 14.      . . . . . . . . . . . . .208
 15. GPS  Mitac Mio268  Mio269 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209
 16. GPS tracking  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210
 17. GPS  Holux GPSlim236 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212
 18. GSM/GPS  Benefon ESC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213
 19. GSM/GPS  Garmin NavTalk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217
 20. GSM  SONY CMD J7/J70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223
 341 342  
 21. BT 308 Bluetooth GPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225
 22. EM 401 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226
 23. ER 102 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227
 24. SD 501 SDIO GPS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228
 25. VESTA 350 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230
 26. iFinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231
 27. Garmin GPSmap 76S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232
 28. GPSMAP 276 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236
 29.   Benefon Track Box . . . . . . . . . . . .239
 6.  GPS?
 1. GARMIN QUEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241
 2. GARMIN STREETPILOT 2610 (256  CF) . . . . . . . . . . . .242
 3. GARMIN STREETPILOT III Deluxe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243
 7. 
 1.     ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246
 2.      . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248
 3.    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253
 4.     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257
 5.       . . . . . . . . . . . . .264
 6. HUMMINBIRD MATRIX 47 3D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270
 7. HUMMINBIRD PiranhaMAX 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272
 8. HUMMINBIRD SmartCast RF10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273
 9. Humminbird Fishfinder 515 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275
 10. HUMMINBIRD MATRIX 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276
 11. BOTTOM LINE Fishin' Buddy 1200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277
 12. BOTTOM LINE Tournament Leader 1100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278
 13. INTERPHASE TWINSCOPE COLOR TM . . . . . . . . . . . . .279
 14. INTERPHASE OUTLOOK TM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279
 14. INTERPHASE TWINSCOPE TM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280
 15. FF2112 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281
 16. Raymarine DS500x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282
 17.     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290
GPS  Palm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291
Wi Fi vs. GPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321
 ,    Ozi? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322
   GPS    . . . . . .327
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332
C   ,
  GPS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .333
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338
     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340
  343 344  
